ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ื‘ืจืžื”

ืื•ืจื•ื™ืœ

ืฆื™ืจ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ AUROVILLE

1872: ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื• ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ื•ืชื” (ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื”), ื”ื•ื“ื•.

1878: Mirra Alfassa's ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื‘ืคืจื™ื–, ืฆืจืคืช.

1910: ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื• ื”ื•ื’ืœื” ืœืคื•ื ื“ื™ืฆ'ืจื™, ืฆืจืคืช.

1920: ืžื™ืจื” ืืœืคืกื” ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ื™ืฆ'ืจื™.

1947: ื”ื•ื“ื• ื”ืฉื™ื’ื” ืขืฆืžืื•ืช.

1950: ืกืจื™ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื• ืžืช.

1954: ืคื•ื ื“ื™ืฆ'ืจื™ ื”ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืœื”ื•ื“ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆืจืคืช.

1961: ื—ื‘ืจืช Sri Aurobindo (SAS) ื ื•ืกื“ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืžืŸ ืืช ืืฉืจื Sri Aurobindo ื•-Auroville.

1966: ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืืจื’ืŸ ืฉืœ Auroville ืื•ืžืฅ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื•ื ืกืง"ื•.

1968: Auroville ื ื•ืกื“ื”; ื”ืืžื ื” ืฉืœื• ืื•ืžืฆื” ื‘-28 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ.

1968: ื™ื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืื“ืžืช ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื—ืœ.

1970: ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืžืืช ืื•ื ืกืง"ื•.

1972:  ื”ื—ืœื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื™ืžื ื“ื™ืจ.

1973: ืžื™ืจื” ืืœืคืกื”, ื”ืื, ืžืชื”.

1973-1980: ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื”.

1976: ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ืื ื™ื ื ื›ืœืื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืชืœื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื’ื•ื“ืช SriAurobindo.

1976: ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืฆื“ืง ืฉืœ ื›ืœื›ื•ืชื” ื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ SAS ืขืœ Auroville.

1978-1982: ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ.

1980: ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืœืื” ื‘ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ.

1983: ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืžืืช ืื•ื ืกืง"ื•.

1988: ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื›ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช.

1989: "ื—ื•ืง Auroville" ื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ืคื” ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™.

2008: ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื˜ืจื™ืžื ื“ื™ืจ.

2012: ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื™ืขืจ Auroville Sadhana ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ืคืจืก ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ ืžื™ื ื•ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ืคื ื”ื’ืŸ, ื“ื ืžืจืง.

2016: ืžื›ื•ืŸ Auroville Earth ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”-COP1 ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืคืจืก ื“ืœ ืคื—ืžืŸ.

2018: ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉืœ Auroville ื ืขืจืš; ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื ืจื ื“ืจื” ืžื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื‘ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ.

2020: ืกื’ืจ ื”ื•ืคืขืœ ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืžื’ืคืช Covid19.

ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” / ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”

ืžื™ืจื” ืืœืคืกื” ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื‘-21 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1878 ื‘ืคืจื™ื–. [ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ] ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืช ืœืื ืžืฆืจื™ืช, ืžืชื™ืœื“ ื•ืื‘ ื˜ื•ืจืงื™, ื‘ื ืงืื™ ื‘ืฉื ืžื•ืจื™ืก ืžื•ืื™ื– ืืœืคืกื”, ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืžื™ืจื” ืœืžื“ื” ืืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ื’'ื•ืœื™ืืŸ ื•ื”ืชืžื—ืชื” ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจ. ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ื‘-Salon de la Sociรฉtรฉ Nationale des Beaux-Arts (1903-1905). ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ืชื ื” ืขื ื”ืฆื™ื™ืจ ืื ืจื™ ืžื•ืจื™ืกื˜. ื ื•ืœื“ ืœื”ื ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื•ื”ื ื”ืชื’ืจืฉื• ื‘-1908.

ืœืžื™ืจืจื” ืืœืคืกื” ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฆื•ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืื–ื•ื˜ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ื ืกืชืจื™ืช. ื‘-1911 ื”ื™ื ื ื™ืฉืื” ืœื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืœ ืจื™ืฆ'ืจื“, ื•ื”ื ื ืกืขื• ื™ื—ื“ ืœืคื•ื ื“ื™ืฆ'ืจื™ ื‘-1914. ืฉื ืคื’ืฉื” ืืช ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื• ื’ื•ืฉ ืฉื–ื™ื”ื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื”. ืžื™ืจื” ื•ืคื•ืœ ืจื™ืฆ'ืจื“ ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืฆืจืคืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ื ืกืขื• ืœื™ืคืŸ ื‘-1916. ื”ื ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืคื•ื ื“ื™ืฆ'ืจื™ ื‘-1920 ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืœื™ื“ ืกืจื™ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื•. ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื‘ืขืœื” ื”ืชืขืฆื‘ืŸ, ืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื” ืœื”ืชื’ืจืฉ ื‘-1922.

ืžื™ืจื” ืืœืคืกื” ื•ืกืจื™ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื• ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืžืžืฆื‘ ื”ืกื‘ืœ ืฉืœื”. ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื”, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืžื™ื ื™, ื•ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื• ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืงืฉืจื™ื ืžื™ื ื™ื™ื. ืžืฆื“ื•, ืกืจื™ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื• ืชืจื’ืœ ื‘ืจื”ืžืฆ'ืจื™ื” ืžืื– ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื• ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”.

ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื• ืืงืจื•ื™ื“ ื’ื•ืฉ, ื‘ืฉื ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื• ื’ื•ืฉ ืœืื—ืจ 1902 ื• ืกืจื™ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื• ืœืื—ืจ 1920, [ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ] ื”ื™ื” ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ืžื‘ืจื™ืง ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”, ืฉื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืคืจืกื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืชืจื’ื•ื ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื•ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืœืžื“ ืฉืคื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช, ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช ื•ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ื—ื–ืจ ืœื”ื•ื“ื• ื‘-1893 ืขื ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื•ื“ื• ืžื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœืื—ื“ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 1905 ื‘ื›ืœื›ื•ืชื” ื›ืขื•ืจืš ื‘ื ื“ ืžื˜ืจืื, ืื—ื“ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืชื‘ืขื• ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ืœื”ื•ื“ื•. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1907, ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืชืคืกื” ืื•ืชื•, ืืช ืื—ื™ื• ื‘ืืจื™ืŸ ื•ืืช ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื• ื•ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืื•ืชื ืœื›ืœื ื‘ืืœื™ืคื•ืจ. ืื—ื™ื• ื‘ืืจื™ืŸ ื ื™ืกื” ืœื”ืคืฆื™ืฅ ืื–ืจื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ืืš ื ื›ืฉืœ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืขืฆื•ืจ. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืœื” ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื• ื’ื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื, ื”ื•ื ืชืจื’ืœ ื™ื•ื’ื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื•ืœืžื“ ื”ืฉืงืคื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืขืœ ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช. ื”ื›ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื”, ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืžืงืฉื” ื•ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืžื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ืฆืจ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ. ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžื‘ืจื™ืง ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื•ื‘ืจื— ืžื›ืœื›ื•ืชื”, ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืฆ'ื ื“ืจื ื’ื•ืจ ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœืคื•ื ื“ื™ืฆ'ืจื™, ื”ื“ืœืคืงื™ื ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ื™ื ื”ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื” ื‘ื—ืฉืื™ ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ื™ืฆ'ืจื™ ืชื—ืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืื™ ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™, ืœืžื“ ื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ื’ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช. ืคื’ื™ืฉืชื• ืขื ืคื•ืœ ืจื™ืฆ'ืจื“ ื•ืžื™ืจื” ืืœืคืกื” ื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืœื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืคืจืกื ื—ืœืง ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื•ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืคื•ืœ ืจื™ืฆ'ืจื“ ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ ืจืฉืžื™ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ืฆืจืคืชื™. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื’ื” ื”ื™ื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ืžืขืžื“ื• ื›ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื”ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ ืฉืœ ืกืจื™ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื•.

ืกืจื™ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื• ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืจื” ืืœืคืกื” ืœืื ื‘ืฉื ืช 1926 ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื” ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืืช ืืฉืจื ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื•. ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ื ืกื•ื’ ืœื—ื“ืจื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื•ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืžื™ื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 1950. ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ืืฉืจื ืกืจื™ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื• ื•ืืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืช.

ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื’ื“ืœ ืžืื– ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื• ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื“ื•, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืชื—ืช ื”ืื™ื•ื ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืคืŸ. ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืคื•ื ื“ื™ืฆ'ืจื™, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื ืืœืฆื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื“ืขืชื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื”ืžืฆ'ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ื”ื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ืคื ื™ ื’ื•ื’'ื•ืจื˜ื™ืก ื•ื‘ื ื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืืฉืจืื (ื‘ืœื“ื™ื• 2018). ื”ื™ื ื”ืงื™ืžื” ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืืฉืจื ื•ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืฉืืช ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื. ืื‘ืœ ืฉืื™ืคืชื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื™ื™ืกื“ ืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืฆ'ืจืœืก ืคื•ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืคื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื”-XNUMX, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืœื™ืœื” ื’ื ื“ื™.

ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืœืืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื“ืœื”ื™, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ื’ื ื“ื™ ื•ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื ื”ืจื•. ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ื’ื ื“ื™ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืคื•ื ื“ื™ืฆ'ืจื™ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•. ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื” ืขืœ ืžื•ืจื™ืก ืฉื•ืžืืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื•ืืฃ ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื“ืœื”ื™ ืœืชืช ืœืื’ื•ื“ืช ืกืจื™ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ืคื™ืกืช ืื“ืžื” ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื˜ืžื™ืœ ื ืื“ื•, ืขืฉืจื” ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžืคื•ื ื“ื™ืฆ'ืจื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืกื“ ืืช ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœ. ืื’ื•ื“ืช Sri Aurobindo ื ื•ืกื“ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1961 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื•ื ืชืžื›ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ื ืืžื™ื“ื™ื (Kapur 2021:145).

Auroville ื ื•ืกื“ื” ื‘-28 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1968 ื‘ื˜ืžื™ืœ ื ืื“ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืจื” ื‘ืœืื ืฉ ืืœืคืกื”, ื”ื ืฉื™ืื” ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•-124 ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ืช ืื•ื ืกืง"ื•. ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœ Auroville ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื” ื›ื™ื™ืกื•ื“ "ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช" (Minor 1999:91) ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืื ืฉืžื” ืœื” ืœืžื˜ืจื” ืœื™ื™ืกื“ "ืขื™ืจ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช" ื”ืชื•ืืžืช ืืช ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืจื™ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื• (Heehs 2016). ื”ื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืืช ืื•ืจื•ื™ืœ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1968 (ื”ืืžื 1991:27). ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืกืจื™ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื• ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืื˜ื™ืžื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื•ืืช ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืคื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœ, ืžื™ืจื” ืืœืคืกื”, ื”ืื, ืฉื™ืžืฉื” ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœืชื•ื“ืขื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื–ื• ืฉื”ื’ืฉื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœ.

ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ื‘-Forecomer, Certitude, Auro-orchad, Hope ื• ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช Aspiration ื•-Promesse (ื“ืจื•ื ืžื–ืจื— ืžืžืจื›ื– Auroville ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ), ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคื•ื ื“ื™ืฆ'ืจื™. ื”ืืžื ื•ื—ื‘ืจืช ืกืจื™ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื• ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ 1964 ืœ-1976, ื•ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ื˜ืจื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื™ืŸื ื“ (2007), ื“ื™ื™ืŸื ื“, ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื, ื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืงืจืงืข (ื“ื™ื™ื ื ื“ 2007). ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื—ื— ืขื ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืžืฉื›ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘-2006 ื›ืžืขื˜ ืจื‘ืข ืžื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ (280 ื“ื•ื ื) ื•ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ื—ื’ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื” (2,000 ื“ื•ื ื) ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ืืœื ืœื›ืคืจื™ื. ืกื™ื‘ื•ืš ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ืฉื•ืช, ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื”. ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฉืœื”ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื˜ื‘ื ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ Auroville ื”ื—ืœื” ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ืช ืื•ื ืกืง"ื• (1966, 1970 ื•-1983) ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ื•, ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆ'ื ืื™ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืคื˜ื•ืจ (Ospina-Rodriguez 2014:31) ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”.

Auroville ืžืื•ืจื’ืŸ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”-Matrimandir ื‘ืžืจื›ื–, [ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ] ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžื’ื™ืื•ื“ ื‘ืงื•ื˜ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืฉื” ื”ืจ ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื”ื‘ ื“ืง. ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืงืฃ ื‘ื’ื ื™ื ื•ืžืžื•ืงื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืขืฅ ื”ื‘ืื ื™ืืŸ ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขืฅ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1968. ื™ืฉ ื—ื“ืจ ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ืขื 70 ืก"ืž. ืชืงืจืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ื•ืก ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืœ ื‘ืงื•ื˜ืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ืช ืื•ืจ ืฉืžืฉ ื•ืžืฉืงืคืช ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืฉืœื”.

ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื‘-1973 ื•ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื™ืžื ื“ื™ืจ, ื ื™ืกืชื” ืื’ื•ื“ืช ืกืจื™ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื•, ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ, ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื›ื•ืชื”. ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ืื ืก ื”ืžืชื™ื ื• ืœืคืกืง ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื. ื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1976 ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืฆื“ืง ืฉืœ ื›ืœื›ื•ืชื” ื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ SAS ืขืœ Auroville. ื‘ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™, ื‘-1980, ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื” ืงืจืŸ ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืž-SAS ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ. ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ืฉืžื” ืื– ื—ืœืงื™ืช ืชื—ืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช.

ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื™ื—ืก ื—ืœืงื™ืช ืœืื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ื’ื ื“ื™, ืฉืชืžื›ื” ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ Auroville ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื ืชื” ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื—ืงื™ืจืช ืื’ื•ื“ืช Sri Aurobindo ื‘ืฉื ืช 1976 (Breme 2016:306), ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ Auroville ืœืคืชื•ื— ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืง. ืฉื ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ื™ืฆืจื” ืืช Auroville Foundation Act ืžืฉื ืช 1980, ืืฉืจ ืงื‘ืข ืžืขืžื“ ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ Auroville. ื–ื” ื”ื•ืืจืš ืขื“ ืฉื—ื•ืง ืงืจืŸ Auroville ื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1988 ืชื—ืช ื™ื•ืจืฉื• ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ื’ื ื“ื™, Rajiv Gandhi (Breme 2016:298).

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืžืื– 1988 ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื, ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื. ื–ื” ืžืฉืจื˜ื˜ ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืจื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™. ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืฉื™ืžืช Aurovillian ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื:

ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื™ืขืจื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ืขื 3,000,000 ืขืฆื™ื ืžืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืื– 1968.

ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื™ืžื ื“ื™ืจ ื”ื•ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2008, ืขื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื›ืคืจ ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื.

Auroville ื™ืฆืจื” ืžืคืขืœื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ืช, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื•ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืกื•ืœืืจื™ ื”ืžื’ื™ืฉ ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืจื‘.

ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืคื™ืชื—ื” ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื•ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ืฉืงื™ื“ืžื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ื•, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฉืžืœ ื”ืจื•ื— ื‘ื˜ืžื™ืœ ื ืื“ื•.

ื“ื•ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื•ืช / ืืžื•ื ื•ืช

ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื ืชืคืกื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื›"ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“" ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื—ื™ื• ื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื‘ืื—ื“ื•ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ืฉืชืžืขื” (ืœืคื™ ื”ืื) ื”ืฉืืจืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืขื‘ืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจ. ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื–ื”, ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืชื™ื“ื ื™ืช, ื•ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื. ื™ืชืจื” ืžื›ืš, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืจืฉ ืืช ื”ื ืื•ื ื”ืืจื•ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ื•ืื—ื“ ืžืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉืคืขื•ืœื” ืื—ืช ืžื›ื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžื˜ืงืกื˜ ืื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื™ืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ื” ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืืžื [[ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ] ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืœื ืื•ื ื”ืื ื•ืœื” ืžืขืžื“ ื›ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”. ื™ืฉ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืคืจื“ื•ืงืก ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื™ืจืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื” ืžื•ื—ื–ืงืช ื”ืื ืฉื›ืŸ ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืชื•ืจื•ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉืจื™ื“ื™ื ืžื”ืขื‘ืจ ืฉืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ืขืœื. ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืืกื•ืจ. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืืžื ื ื“ื—ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืืฉืจืื ืฉืœ ืกืจื™ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื• ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ื™ืฆ'ืจื™, ืงื”ื™ืœืช ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื ื‘ื ืชื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ Matrimandir (ืžืžืฉ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืื), ื•ื”ื•ื ืื™ืžืฅ ืืช ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืœื ืืช ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืฉืจืื ืฉืœ ืกืจื™ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื•.

ื™ืฉื ื ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื—ื™ื‘ืจื• ื”ืื ื•ืกืจื™ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื•, ืฉืคื•ืจืกืžื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืืฉืจืื ืฉืœ ืกืจื™ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื• ื‘ืคื•ื ื“ื™ืฆ'ืจื™. ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืืžื ืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืฆืจืคืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ Satprem, ืฉื ื“ื” ืคืœื•ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื ืจื“ ืื™ื ื’'ืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื. ืื™ื ื’'ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”, ื•ื”ืื ื ื™ื”ืœื” ืื™ืชื• ืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื ื™ื. ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืืžื ื”ื•ื ืื•ืกืฃ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ ื•ืชืžืœืœ. ืกืคืจ ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ืื ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืื ื ืคื˜ืจื” ื‘-1973 ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ืข ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”. ืกืื˜ืคืจื ื’ื "ืชืžื›ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžืจื“" ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ืื ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ืื’ื•ื“ืช ืกืจื™ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื•, ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘-1975 (ืงืคื•ืจ 2021:148).

ื˜ืงืกื™ื / ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช

ื”ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื—ืกื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืกืจื™ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื• ื•ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื’ื” ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืœื™ืช (Heehs 2016) (ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื” ื’ื ืคื•ืจื ื”-ื™ื•ื’ื”), ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืงืืจืžื” ื™ื•ื’ื” (ื™ื•ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื‘- ื’ื™ื˜ื ื’ื™ื˜ื”), ื’'ื ืื ื”-ื™ื•ื’ื” (ื™ื•ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื“ืข ื•ืชื•ื“ืขื”), ื™ื•ื’ื” ื‘ื”ืืงื˜ื™ (ื™ื•ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช), ื•ื”ื™ื•ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช. ื”ื™ื•ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื‘ื™ื: ื”ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื ืคืฉื™ืช. ื–ื” ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืขื ืžื™ืžื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ื“ืขื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช (ื ืงืจืืช ื’ื ื”ืืจื”) ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ื–ื ื•ื”ื•ื•ื“ื ื˜ื”. ื–ื” ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคืจืžื ื˜ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” (ืื• "ื”ืืœืœื”") ืฉืœ ื”ื ืคืฉ, ื”ืœื‘ ื•ืชืื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. Aurovilians ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืกื•ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงืืจืžื” ื™ื•ื’ื”, ืืš ืžืชืจื’ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื’ื” ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืœื™ืช ื›ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.

ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื˜ืงืกื™ื ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื“ืชื™ื™ื ื ืืกืจื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ืžืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ, ื™ืฉื ื ืฉื ื™ ื˜ืงืกื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืืจื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื™ื“ ื”ืžื˜ืจื™ืžื ื“ื™ืจ [ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ] ื‘ืืžืคื™ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ืง: ืžื“ื•ืจื” ืœื–ื›ืจ ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ื‘-28 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืื—ืช. ืื—ื“ ืฉื—ื•ื’ื’ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ืกืจื™ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื• ื‘-15 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜.

ื›ืคื™ ืฉืชื™ืืจ ื”ื•ืจืกื™ื•ืก (2018:50) ืืช ื˜ืงืก ื”-28 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ:

ื”ืžื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ (4 ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ) ืœืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ืฉืงื˜ื”. ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืืžืคื™ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ื”ืžื˜ืจื™ืžื ื“ื™ืจ, ืžื“ืœื™ืงื” ืืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื–ืจื™ื—ื” (ื‘ืขืจืš 5 ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ). ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื”ืฉืงื˜ื” ื”ื–ื•, ืงื•ืœื” ื”ืžื•ืงืœื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืžืคื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื ื” ื•ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืžื”ืืžื ืื• ืกืจื™ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื•.

ืžืœื‘ื“ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื˜ืงืกื™ื ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื”-Matrimandir ืขืฆืžื• ืžื›ื™ืœ ื—ื“ืจ ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ืฉื‘ื• ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ืื ื™ื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ืืช ื–ืžื ื ื”ืคื ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืชืจื›ื–ื•ืช ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื™. ื”ื•ื ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ 1972 ืœ-2008, ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœืœื‘ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ. ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื•ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืกืžืœ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืœืงื”ื™ืœื”

ืืจื’ื•ืŸ / ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช

ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ื‘ื ืชื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘-50,000 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ืืš ื”ื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืชืงืจื‘ื” ืœื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื–ื”. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื ืชื” ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืจืง โ€‹โ€‹ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื”ื•ื“ื•, ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื•ืฆืจืคืช. ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื’ื“ืœื” ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-2,000 ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืžื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช. ื”ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ืื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-1970 ืฉื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœื™ื‘ืจื˜ืจื™ืื ื™ืช ืžืืฉืจ ืœื“ื™ืกืฆื™ืคืœื™ื ื” ื“ืชื™ืช. ื•ืืžื ื”ืฆื™ืขื” ืฉืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ "ืื ืจื›ื™ื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช". ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื“ืžืชื” ืœืžื” ืฉื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ื’ืจื™ื™ื‘ืจ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื• ื›ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื™ืžืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช (Graeber 2014:105โ€“06):

โ€ฆ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืกืกื’ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื, ืฉืจื•ื‘ื ื”ืชื ืกื• ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™, ื•ื”ื•ืฆื‘ื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ืชื” ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” (...) ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช. ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.

ืืžื ืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉื™ืงืคื” ืืช ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื–ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ื–ื”:

ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืืฃ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื”. ืื‘ืœ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืจืช ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช.

ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืกืง, ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžืชืžื“ืช ื•ื ื•ืขืจ ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืžื–ื“ืงืŸ.

ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืœืขืชื™ื“. ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื’ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื. ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ืชืขื™ืฃ ื‘ืื•ืžืฅ ืœืงืจืืช ืžื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื.

ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงืจ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื•ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืœื”ืชื’ืœืžื•ืช ื—ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืžืžืฉื™ืช.

ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ Auroville ืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื‘ื™ื. ืขื“ 1973 ืคืขืœื” ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกืžื›ื•ืชื” ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ืžื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 1973 ืœ-1988, ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื›ืจื™ื–ืžื˜ื™ืช ืฉื›ื ื” ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืขืฆืžื” ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ื›ืงื”ื™ืœื”. ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉื ืช 1989, ืฉืœื‘ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ โ€‹โ€‹ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช.

ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืืจื™ ื”ื•ืจืกื™ื•ืก ืชื™ืืจื” ืืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื (2021):

ื‘ื™ืžื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ, ื”ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื–ื• ืฉื ืงืจืื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื•-ืงื™ื•ื. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช "ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉืื™ืคื”" (ื”ื”ืชื ื—ืœื•ื™ื•ืช), ื”ื™ื ืคื™ืจื˜ื” ื›ืžื” ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืžื ื—ื™ื. ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื”, ืžืื– 1972, ืฉื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” "ืื ืจื›ื™ื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช": ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื›ืžื” ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ืœ. ืžืฉืžืขืช ื”ื™ื•ื’ื” ื™ื•ืฉืžื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืฉืœื•ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ื•ืืช ืžืชื™ื ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ื—. ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ืชืฉื™ื’ ืืช ืžื˜ืจืชื” (ืœืืจื— ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช), ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืขื” ืขื“ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื "ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช" ืชื•ื›ืœ ืื– ืœื”ืงื™ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืžืžื ื” ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื‘ืงืฉื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”. ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ืœืคื ื™ 1973, ืคืขืœื• ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ืžื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื”ืžื ื”ืœืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื, ื›ืœื›ืœืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”.

ืขื ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื‘ืฉื ืช 1973 ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืขืžื“ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืืชื’ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืœื ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ืžื˜ื™ ืฉืœื” ื•ืขื ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื’ื•ื“ืช ืกืจื™ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื• ื•ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”. ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ืช ื”ืชื’ืœืชื” ื›ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื ื•ืฆืœืช ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืœืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœ ื”ืืจื›ืื™ ืฉืœื”, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช. ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ื• ื—ื•ืงืงื” ืืช ื—ื•ืง ืงืจืŸ ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1988, ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ืžืขืžื“ ื•ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชืืจื’ืŸ. ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ื”ืชื‘ืงืฉื• ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ืื ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ.

ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื‘ื ื” ื–ื”, ื”ื ื›ืก ื›ื•ืœื• ืžื ื•ื”ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื”ื•ื“ื•. "ืืกืคืช ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื" ืฉื‘ื” ืžืชืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื—ืจืช ื•ืขื“ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืชื ื”ืœ ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืงืจืŸ. ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื’ื ืฉืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช: ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืžื ื”ืœืช (GB) ื•ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช (IAC). ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืžืชื—ืช ืœืืกื™ืคืช ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืชืช-ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช, ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืื—ืจืื™ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื: ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช ืฉืœ Auroville.

ืžืชื•ืš ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืกืคื•ื ื˜ื ื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ื”ืงื™ืžื• Aurovilians ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช. ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื, ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืžื™ืชื™ื”ื, ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœ"ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื", ื•ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžืชืื’ื“ื•ืช ื•ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉืžืชืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ืช. "ื“ื’ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉ" ื”ื–ื” ื ืฉืืจ ื ืคื•ืฅ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘-Auroville. ื–ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ื”"ืžืจื™ื˜ื•ืงืจื˜ื™" ืฉืœ ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื, ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘.

ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ื‘ื ืชื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื–ื”ื•ืชื” ืœื›ืคืจ ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœืคืจื“ื™ื’ืžืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”, Auroville Earth Institute ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ื™ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ (Fricot 2021:38) ืžืื– 1989, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื–ื›ื™ื™ืชื• ื‘ืคืจืก COP22 Low carbon ื‘ืฉื ืช 2016. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, Sadhana Forest ื”ื™ื ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉื”ืชืžื—ืชื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื ื‘- ืื“ืžื” ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ.

ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืœื ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ืžื•ืขืจืš ื‘ื™ืŸ 20 ืงืž"ืจ ืœ-2 ืงืž"ืจ (Horasius 25: 2), ืงื•ื˜ืจ ืžืขื’ืœ ืฉืœ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืื—ื“ ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžื—ื•ืœืง ืœืืจื‘ืขื” ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืžื˜ืจื™ืžื ื“ื™ืจ: ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”-Greenbelt, ืฉื ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื•ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื™ื. [ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ]

ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืง ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื” ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืœื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื•ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืงืœ. ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื–ืžืŸ ื• ืจืฆื•ืŸ (ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืขืจืš ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ Auroville ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืœื• ื”ืชืจืฉื™ื ืฉืœ Auroville: "ืื“ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืจืช ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช"). ื™ืชืจื” ืžื›ืš, ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืื•ืจื•ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ื™ืช ืžื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืžื˜ืจืชื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืชืคื™ืกืชื” ื›ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ืžืงื•ื ืœืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข, ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื”ืฉืงืคื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช-ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ. .

ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช / ืืชื’ืจื™ื

ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืื’ื•ื“ืช Sri Aurobindo, ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœ Auroville ืœืคื ื™ 1988, ื”ื™ื• ื›ื ืจืื” ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืื™ื–ื ืœืื•ืžื ื™ ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ื•ืื™ื ื“ื™ืจื” ื’ื ื“ื™, ืฉื–ื” ืขืชื” ื”ืงื™ืžื• ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื (Breme 2016:309). ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื”, ืื’ื•ื“ืช ืกืจื™ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื•ืœื—ืกืœ ืืช "ืื•ืจื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืคื™ื" ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ. ื”ืžืชื— ื‘ื™ืŸ Auroville ืœื‘ื™ืŸ The Sri Aurobindo Society ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžื•ืขื•ืช ื›ื™ ื›ืคืจื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืชืฉืœื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืขื Aurovilians, ื•ื‘ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืื—ืช, ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื›ื ืขื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื›ืœื•ื ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืžื•ื ื” Aurovilians (Kapur 2021:155; Heehs 2016). ืขื ื–ืืช, ืกืื˜ืคืจื ื”ืชืขืจื‘, ื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื“ืœื”ื™ ื•ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘"ืงืฉืจื™ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ" (ืงืคื•ืจ 2021:155). ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืืกื™ืจื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื—ืจืจื•, ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช, ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœ Auroville ื”ืคืš ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ (Heehs 2016). ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘-1988, ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื” ืขื ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื” ืœื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆืขื“ ืื—ืจ ืฆืขื“ ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ืจื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื›ืคืจื™ืช.

Auroville ื—ื•ื•ืชื” ืžืกืคืจ ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. Joukhi ื•- Horassius ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืกื›ืกื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘-Auroville ื”ื ืขืœ ืงื ื™ื™ื” ื•ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืงืจืงืข (Joukhi 2006:100; Horassius 2021:226; Jukka Joukhi 2006). ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ืคื ืชื” ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ืขืงื‘ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ืืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื”. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœืืŸ ืชืจืžื• ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืœืคืชื™ื—ืช ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื›ืคืจ, ืืกืคืงืช ืžื™ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ื™ื”, ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื›ื•'.

ื’'ืกื™ืงื” ื ืžืงืืœ (2012) ื”ืฆื™ืขื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ Auroville: ืฉื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืžื ืฆืœืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงืžืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”, Auroville ืžืขืกื™ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-5,000 ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืžื•ืœ ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื, ืžื” ืฉืžืจืžื– ืขืœ ื™ื—ืก ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื•ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื” ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ Auroville ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื. ืื–, ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ืื ื˜ื™-ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ื—ืœืžื•. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืจื•ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ื•ืชืจื” ืขื“ื™ืคื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื’ืœื“ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื–ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืขืจื‘ ืชื•ืš ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื. ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื•ื›ืคืช ื›ืžื” ื›ืœืœื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื›ืคืจ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื ืฉื™ื, ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืœื—ืคืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืืจื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.

ื›ืžื” ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื”: ืื•ืฉื”, ืฉืขื‘ื“ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-12 ืฉื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ Wellpaper ื‘-Auroville, ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจื” ื›ื™:

ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืคืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”. ื”ื ื‘ืื™ื ืจืง ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืฉื•ื—ื“ ืชืžื•ืจืช ืงื•ืœื•ืช! ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ื™ืฉ ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘. ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืืŸ ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืง ืœื ื• ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื. ื”ืื ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”? ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื›ืš (Gรผrkaya, 2018:35).

ืœืงืฉื™ืžื™, ืฉืขื‘ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-20 ืฉื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ "Naturellement" ื‘ืืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ, ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ื›ื™:

ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืžืฉืจื•ืช Auroville ืžื•ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืคืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”. ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืงืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืืขื“ื™ืฃ ื›ืืŸ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื! ื’ื ืื ื™ืฉืœืžื• ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื–ื” ืœืขื•ืœื (Gรผrkaya, 2018:36).

Auroville ื”ื™ื ืœื ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ืื ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ืืš ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื, ื•ืืจื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื›ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช. ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื” ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘"ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื”", ืกื›ื•ื ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ.

ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชืคืชื—, ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ืื ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื—ืœืง ืžืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื›ืคืจ ื˜ืžื•ืœ ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ืขื ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ืื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ, ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื ื™ืื•-ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ืช ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืืจืช ืจืง ืขื ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืชื ื™ื•ืช, ืžื’ื“ืจ ื•ืžืขืžื“. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก (Schmall 2022) ืชื™ืืจ ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื–ื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืกื›ืกื•ืš ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—, "ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื - ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื›ืงื•ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื™ื - ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœื” ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืชืช ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ื‘ืขืฆืžื” - ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื - ืงื™ื™ื ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘." ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ื•ื ื’ื ืžืื‘ืง ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ืคืจื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื ื’ื“ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ืคืจื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืืžืช. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืžื˜ืจื” ื–ื• ื—ืžืงืžืงื” ื•ืชื”ื™ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ืžืชืžืฉืš.

IMAGES

ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืก' 1: ืžื™ืจื” ืืœืคืกื”.
ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืก' 2: Sri Aurobindo (Aurobindo Ackroyd Ghose).
ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืก' 3: ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ืืจื™ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ืฉืœ Auroville. ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืž https://auroville.org/contents/691 ืขืœ 15 ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2021.
ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืก' 4: ืฉืขืจ ื”ืื’'ื ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืืžื. ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืž https://auroville.org/contents/527
ืขืœ 15 ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2021.
ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืก' 5: The Matrimandir.
ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืก' 6: ื”ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืœ, ืขื ืžืขื’ืœ ืฉืœ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืื—ื“ ืžื—ื•ืœืง ืœืืจื‘ืขื” ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืžื˜ืจื™ืžื ื“ื™ืจ.

ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”

ื—ื•ืง ืงืจืŸ ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ. 1988. ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืž https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1988-54.pdf ืขืœ 2 ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2021

Auroville ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืžืฉืœ. ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืž https://auroville.org/categories/13 ืขืœ 1 ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2021

ื‘ืœื“ื™ื•, ืคื˜ืจื™ืง. 2018. ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื”ืื, ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืž https://wrldrels.org/2018/10/13/the-mother-nee-mirra-blanche-rachel-alfassa/

ื‘ื™ื™, ื—ื›ื™ื. 2011. TAZ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ ื”ื–ืžื ื™, ืื ืจื›ื™ื” ืื•ื ื˜ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืคื•ืื˜ื™. Autonomedia Anti-Copyright.

ื‘ืจืžื”, ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“. 2018. La figure de la Mรจre, Mirra alfassa (1878 - 1973). Une Analyser des hybridations culturelles de ses reprรฉsentations. ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื’ืžืจ ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื“ืช, ืื•ืงื. ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืž https://archipel.uqam.ca/11515/ ืขืœ 28 ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2021.

ื‘ืจืžื”, ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“. 2016. "L'ร‰tat indien et le statut "spirituelหฎ d'Auroville." Religiologique, ืฆื•ืžืช ื“ื• ื“ืจื•ื™, de l'ร‰tat et du religieux no 34. ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืž www.religiologique.uqam.ca ืขืœ 28 ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2021.

ื“ื™ื™ืŸื ื“. 2007. Premiers pas sur la terre d'Auroville. ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืž https://www.auroville-france.org/index.php/acres-for-auroville ืขืœ 28 ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2021.

ืคื•ืจื˜ื™ืŸ, ืื ื“ืจื”. 1985. "Du collectif utopique ร  l'utopie collective." Anthropologie et Sociรฉtรฉs 9: 53-64.

ืคืจื™ืงื•ื˜, ืคืื•ืœื™ืŸ. 2021. "Auroville, l'utopie fait de la rรฉsistance." ื’ืื• 506: 28-41.

ื’ืจื™ื™ื‘ืจ, ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“. 2014. Des fins du capitalisme. Possibilitรฉs I โ€“ hiรฉrarchie, rรฉbellion, dรฉsir. ืชื•ืจื’ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืงืกื™ื ืจื•ื‘ืจ ื•ืžื˜ื™ืŸ ืจืืฃ. ืคืจื™ื–: Payot.

Gรผrkaya, Cansu. 2018. L'Empowerment des femmes villageoises au sein des unitรฉs de travail ร  Auroville. Les cas de Wellpaper et de Naturellement, Mรฉmoire de sociologie, ื–'ืื ืจ ืžืืกื˜ืจ, Politique et Sexualitรฉ, Dir. Pruvost Geneviรจve, EHESS, ืคืจื™ื–.

Heehs, ืคื™ื˜ืจ. 2016. ื™ื•ื’ื” ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืœื™ืช. ื“ืชื•ืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช. ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืœ https://wrldrels.org/2016/10/08/integral-yoga-aurobindo/ ืขืœ 28 ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2021.

ื”ื•ืจืกื™ื•ืก, ืžืืจื™. 2021. Ethnographie d'une utopie, Auroville cite international en Inde du sud. ืืœื” ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืคืจืกืžื™ื.

ื”ื•ืจืกื™ื•ืก, ืžืืจื™. 2018. "Rituels et foi au coeur d'une utopie: ืชื ื•ื“ื•ืช et nรฉgociations autour des pratiques croyantes ร  Auroville." ื“ืชื™ื•ืช. ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืœ www.religioscope.org/cahiers/15.pdf ืขืœ 28 ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2021.

ื”ื•ืจืกื™ื•ืก, ืžืืจื™. 2012. Aire de recherche, รจre de la quรชte du sens. Ethnographie d'une utopie: l'exemple de la communautรฉ international d'Auroville. Mรฉmoire de maitrise. ืคืจื™ื–: ร‰cole des hautes รฉtudes en sciences sociales.

ื’'ื•ืงื™, ื’'ื•ืงื”. 2006. ืžื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื—ืจ: ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื•ืงืกื™ื“ื ื˜ืœื™ื–ื ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ ื˜ืžื™ืœื™ืช-ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื”ื•ื“ื•. ืชื–ื” ืœืืชื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช Jyvaskyla.

ืงืคื•ืจ, ืืงืืฉ. 2021. ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉื”ืœื›ืชื™. ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง: ืกื™ื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื•ืกื˜ืจ.

ืœืืจื•ืงื˜, ื–'ืืŸ. ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ, ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜?โ€‰ืคืจื™ื–: รฉditions Chemins de tr@verse

ืžื™ื ื•ืจ, ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ื  '1999. ื”ื“ืชื™ื™ื, ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ื™ื: ืื•ืจื•ื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื“ื• ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™. ืืœื‘ื ื™, ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง: ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืื ื™.

ืืžื, (ืžื™ืจื” ืืœืคืืกื”). 1991. La Mรจre parle d'Auroville. ืคื•ื ื“ื™ืฆ'ืจื™, ื”ื•ื“ื•: ืžื—ืœืงืช ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ ืืฉืจื™.

ืืžื, ื”(ืžื™ืจื” ืืœืคืกื”) ื•ืกืื˜ืคืจื (ื‘ืจื ืจื“ ืื™ื ื’'ืจ). 1979-1982. ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืืžื. ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขืฉืจ ื›ืจื›ื™ื. ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง: ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ืงืจ ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™.

ื ืžืงืืœ, ื’'ืกื™ืงื”. 2012. "ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ื™ื, ืืจืฅ ื˜ืžื™ืœื™ืช. ื›ืชื‘ ืขืช ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ื–ื 6: 59-88.

Ospina-Rodriguez V. 2014. AV Bio-Region. ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืืœื™ืช ื“'ืื•ืจื•ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื•. ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžืืกื˜ืจ, (ืžื ื”ืœ) Foucher-Dufoix Valรฉrie, ร‰cole Nationale Supรฉrieure d'Architecture de Paris-Belleville.

ืคื˜ื ื•ื“, ืžื•ื ื™ืง. 2005. ืชื•ืฆืจืช Auroville. ืžื•ื ื˜ืจื™ืื•ืœ: Edition tryptique.

ืฉืžืœ, ืืžื™ืœื™. 2022. "ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืขื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉื” ืื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื? ืื•ื˜ื•ืคื™ื” ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ื ืœื—ืžืช ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“". ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก, 5 ื‘ืžืจืฅ. ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœ-https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/05/world/asia/auroville-india.html?searchResultPosition=1 ื‘-10 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2022.

ืชืืจื™ืš ืคืจืกื•ื:
30 ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2021

 

ืฉืชืคื• ืื•ืชื™