Nicole Karapanagiotis

Krishna West

KRISHNA WEST TIMELINE

1948: Hridayananda Das Goswami (Howard J. Resnick) mụrụ na Los Angeles, California.

1969: Hridayananda Das Goswami zutere Swami Prabhupada, onye nchoputa ISKCON.

1970: Hridayananda Das Goswami nwetara mmalite n'okpuru Swami Prabhupada.

1972: Hridayananda Das Goswami nabatara saṃnyāsa (ịhapụ nzigharị ozi) site na Prabhupada.

1977: Hridayananda Das Goswami ghọrọ otu n'ime otu ndị nọchiri anya iri na otu ga-agba ISKCON mgbe Prabhupada nwụsịrị.

1996: Hridayananda Das Goswami nwetara Ph.D. na Sanskrit & Ọmụmụ India.

2013: Hridayananda Das Goswami guzobere Krishna West.

2016: Krishna West Orlando meghere.

2016: Krishna West Mexico City meghere.

2017: Emere Ememe International Krishna West nke mbụ na São Paulo, Brazil.

2022: Krishna West Chicago meghere.

FOUNTER / GROUP HISTORY

Krishna West bụ obere ngagharị nke International Society for Krishna Consciousnes (ISKCON) nke Hridayananda Das Goswami tọrọ ntọala na 2013. A mụrụ Howard J. Resnick na 1948 na Los Angeles, California. [Foto dị n'aka nri] Hridayananda Das Goswami zutere onye nchoputa ISKCON, AC Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, na 1969 mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ na-agụghị akwụkwọ na Mahadum California, Berkeley. Mgbe o zutere Swami Prabhupada, Hridayananda Das Goswami batara n'ime ije ISKCON dị ngwa: n'ime otu afọ nke nzukọ ha, ọ sonyeere ISKCON dị ka onye na-efe ụlọ nsọ oge nile ma were mmalite n'ime mmegharị ahụ site n'aka Prabhupada n'onwe ya. Naanị afọ abụọ ka nke ahụ gasịrị, na 1972, Hridayananda Das Goswami natara saṃnyāsa n'aka Prabhupada. Na ISKCON, saṃnyāsa bụ usoro ndụ nke mmadụ ga-ekwe nkwa nke ịnọ n'alụghị di ma ọ bụ nwunye na ịhapụ ezinụlọ na ọha mmadụ iji jiri oge ya na mbọ ya na-ekwusa ozi ọma.

N'afọ 1977, mgbe Swami Prabhupada nwụrụ, Hridayananda Das Goswami ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị nwoke iri na otu ga-akpọrọ ndị na-eso ụzọ nke ya ma nyere aka iduga ije ISKCON n'ọdịnihu. N'agbata afọ 1977 na 2013, Hridayananda Das Goswami rụrụ ọrụ dị iche iche nke ofufe na ISKCON gụnyere ije ozi na Kọmitii Na-achị Isi nke ISKCON (GBC), ịmalite na iduzi ndị na-eso ụzọ ya, ide na nsụgharị dị iche iche ederede na akwụkwọ akụkọ, na itinye oge ya. ime njem na ikwusa ozi ọma iji gbasaa ije ISKCON gburugburu ụwa dịka o kwenyere na ọ bụ ọchịchọ Swami Prabhupada.

Na mbụ, Hridayananda Das Goswami chere na ya (na ndị ISKCON ndị ọzọ dị ka ya) nwere ihe ịga nke ọma na mbọ ha na-eme iji mezuo ebumnuche na ebumnuche Swami Prabhupada. Agbanyeghị, malite n'afọ ndị 1990, Hridayananda Das Goswami malitere inwe mmetụta nke enweghị afọ ojuju na steeti nke ihe omume ISKCON. Karịsịa, ọ na-enwe nchegbu banyere eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ bụ ezie na ISKCON na-eme nke ọma na-adọta ndị mmadụ site na obodo India (karịsịa ndị nwere njikọ na, ma ọ bụ ndị maara nke ọma, okpukpe Hindu), òtù ahụ na-agbasi mbọ ike ịdọta (ma jide) ndị òtù sitere na ìgwè ndị ọzọ. Ọnọdụ igwe mmadụ a, nke E. Burke Rochford, Jr. kpọrọ ya dị ka "Hinduization of ISKCON," (Rochford 2007) metụtara Hridayananda Das Goswami n'ihi na o kwenyere na isi ọrụ Prabhupada bụ maka ISKCON ka ọ bụrụ mmegharị zuru ụwa ọnụ: otu nwere ndị na-eso ụzọ a. agbụrụ dị iche iche, agbụrụ na mba (Karapanagiotis 2021). Hridayananda Das Goswami kwenyere na n'ihi na ISKCON abụghị ụwa zuru ụwa ọnụ na ntọala ọgbakọ ya, ọ na-ada.

Na nzaghachi maka ọdịda a chere na ọ dara, Hridayananda Das Goswami kere Krishna West, otu akụkụ nke ISKCON, na 2013. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke Krishna West bụ ịdọrọ ndị mmadụ si n'èzí obodo India gaa ISKCON site n'ịgbanwegharị na ịhazigharị mmegharị ahụ (dị ka obere oghere n'ime). ya) n'ụzọ ga-amasị ha (Karapanagiotis 2021). Aha "West" dị na Krishna West na-ezo aka ma ndị otu igwe mmadụ nke Hridayananda Das Goswami chọrọ ịdọta n'ịmepụta obere mmegharị ọhụrụ a yana ụdị nke ISKCON ga-emegharị iji dọta ha. Maka Hridayananda Das Goswami, yana ndị nọ n'ime okirikiri ISKCON sara mbara, a na-eji okwu ahụ bụ "westerner" na-ezo aka na onye ọ bụla na-abụghị nke ihe nketa India na "ọdịda anyanwụ" na-eji kọwaa mpaghara ụwa n'èzí nke ala India. Usoro ndị a na ojiji ha n'ime ma Krishna West na ISKCON nwere mgbọrọgwụ na colonialism yana na mmegharị mgbanwe nke bilitere na nzaghachi ya (Karapanagiotis 2021). N'agbanyeghị na ha nwere nsogbu na ndị na-ezighi ezi, a na-eji ha eme ihe na-enweghị nkatọ na Krishna West na na ISKCON ka ukwuu. N'ịmepụta Krishna West dị ka obere ngagharị ahaziri maka “ndị ọdịda anyanwụ,” Hridayananda Das Goswami chịkọbakwara omume, ụdị, ngosi, na oghere nke ISKCON n'olileanya ịdọta “ndị ọdịda anyanwụ” na mmegharị ahụ (Karapanagiotis 2021).

Ọ dị mkpa ịmara na Hridayananda Das Goswami abụghị naanị ISKCON guru nke na-emegharị mmegharị ISKCON iji dọta "ndị ọdịda anyanwụ." N'ezie, ọ bụ mgbalị na-ewu ewu ma na-eto eto n'ofe ISKCON, nke ọtụtụ ndị gurus ISKCON na ndị ọzọ na-akwado na United States, India, na n'ebe ndị ọzọ (Karapanagiotis 2018; Karapanagiotis 2021) na-eduzi. Hridayananda Das Goswami's Krishna West dị iche na mbọ nke ndị gurus ISKCON ndị ọzọ, agbanyeghị. Ebe ndị gurus ndị ọzọ recast ISKCON (ewu ụlọ yoga, ebe a na-atụgharị uche, wdg) iji dọta "ndị ọdịda anyanwụ," ebumnuche ha kacha site na mbọ ndị a bụ imecha dọba ha na isi okwu. ISKỌN mmegharị (Karapanagiotis 2021). Otú ọ dị, n'akụkụ nke ya, Hridayananda Das Goswami ekwenyeghị na "ndị ọdịda anyanwụ" ga-adọta na (ma ọ bụ na-achọ ịnọgide na) isi ihe ISKCON. Kama nke ahụ, Hridayananda Das Goswami's Krishna West bụ nke e mere ka ọ bụrụ onye nwere onwe ya.mmegharị nke ISKCON: "mmegharị n'ime mmegharị ma ọ bụ" mmegharị ọdịda anyanwụ Hare Krishna," dị ka ndị na-akwado Krishna West na-amasị ikwu. Nke a bụ ya mere Hridayananda Das Goswami na-ezo aka na Krishna West dị ka "ebe" na ọ bụghị àkwà mmiri: Krishna West bụ ISKCON sub-mmegharị pụtara ịbịaru na "ndị ọdịda anyanwụ," ma debe ha n'ebe ahụ (Karapanagiotis 2021). [Foto dị n'aka nri] N'akụkụ a, Krishna West na-abanye n'otu oge, ma na-arụkwa ọrụ n'akụkụ, mmegharị ISKCON.

ỤLỌDỤ / EKWERE

Ndị na-akwado na ndị na-arụ ọrụ nke Krishna West na-akọwa onwe ha dị ka ndị na-efe ISKCON, ọ dịkwa mkpa na njirimara nke Krishna West (na Hridayananda Das Goswami n'ọhụụ maka ya) na e ji mara ya dị ka sub-mmegharị nke ISKCON, kama mmegharị dị iche iche. ya.

N'ihi na Krishna West bụ obere mmegharị nke ISKCON, ndị ọrụ Krishna West na-ekerịta nkwenkwe na ozizi na ndị na-efe ofufe na ISKỌN ije. Dịka ndị otu ISKCON ndị ọzọ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị na-akwado Krishna West kwenyere na chi Krishna wee ghọta ya ka ọ bụrụ "Permanity of Godhead," nke bụ ISKCON's gloss na okwu Puroṣottama si Bhagavad Gita 15.16–15.18. Maka ndị na-efe ISKCON, nke a pụtara na Krishna bụ "Onye Kachasị Elu," n'ihi na ọ bụ onye kachasị elu nke nwere ikike karịrị nke ụwa na-apụtachaghị ìhè. Ọ pụtakwara na ISKCON na a kwenyere na Krishna nwere ụdị, nnabata na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Dị ka ndị dị otú a, ndị ọrụ Krishna West (dị ka ndị otu ISKCON ibe) kwenyere ma na-ejikọta Krishna dị ka onye nwere ọnụnọ na ndụ ha, nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke jupụtara na akụkọ ifo, ma nwee ụdị nke a pụrụ ịhụ anya na "hụ." (Bromley na Shinn, ed. 1989; Bryant na Ekstrand, ed. 2004; Burke 1985; Burke 2007; Dwyer na Cole, eds, 2007; Karapanagiotis 2021; Knott 1986; Squarcini na Fizz2004otti). Banyere nke ikpeazụ, ndị na-efe ofufe na-ekwukarị banyere ịma mma Krishna, àgwà anụ ahụ ya, ihe ọ na-eyi, wdg dị ka ụzọ ntụgharị uche iji cheta na wulite njikọ na ya.

E wezụga nkwenye ha na echiche ha gbasara Krishna, ndị Krishna West na-ekerịtakwa nkwenkwe/ozizi ndị ọzọ na mmegharị ISKCON ka ukwuu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ha kwenyere na ezi njirimara nke onwe abụghị anụ ahụ, kama ọ bụ mkpụrụ obi, nakwa na mkpụrụ obi bụ "akụkụ na ngwugwu" nke ọdịdị Chukwu nke Krishna (Bromley na Shinn, eds. 1989; Bryant na Ekstrand, eds. 2004). ; Burke 1985; Burke 2007; Dwyer na Cole, eds. 2007; Karapanagiotis 2021; Knott 1986; Squarcini na Fizzotti 2004). Ọzọkwa, ha kwenyere na site na ncheta na nraranye nye Krishna, ha nwere ike nweta ọnọdụ ntọhapụ ebe ha ga-ekere òkè na ụlọ ọrụ ebighi ebi nke Krishna ma soro ya nwee mmekọrịta ọṅụ ruo mgbe ebighị ebi. N'ikpeazụ, ndị ọrụ Krishna West na-ekerịtakwa nkwenye ndị ISKCON ibe ha banyere ike na mkpa nke ịkpọ aha Krishna (Delmonico, 2007) na iri na ikesa nri ya edoro nsọ (Eze 2012; Zeller 2012). N'ihe gbasara nke mbụ, na Krishna West, dịka na nzukọ nne na nna ya ISKCON, aha Krishna (kpọmkwem Hare Krishna mahā mantra) na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na ndụ ndị ọkachamara. N'ikwu okwu gbasara nkà mmụta okpukpe, a kwenyere na aha Krishna bụ otu ihe ahụ Krishna n'onwe ya (Delmonico 2007; Dimock 1999; Haberman 2003; Hein 1994; Prabhupada 1968; Prabhupada 1973, 1974). Dị ka ndị dị otú ahụ, ndị na-efe ofufe kwenyere na ikwupụta ha n'olu dara ụda (ma ọ bụ ọbụna n'uche nke onwe) na-etinye onye ahụ n'ihu Krishna. N'ihi nke a, ndị na-efe ofufe na-enwekwa mmasị ịkwọ mahā mantra n'ihu ọha, na-ekwere na mmetụta nke aha ga-ewetara ndị niile na-anụ ha. (Haddon 2013; Karapanagiotis 2019; Prabhupada, 1973). Ndị ọrụ Krishna West (na ndị na-efe ISKCON n'ozuzu) nwere nkwenye yiri nke ahụ gbasara prasādam, ma ọ bụ nri edoro nsọ nke a na-eri mgbe e bu ụzọ nye Krishna (Eze 2012; Zeller 2012). Dịka aha Krishna na-ekekọrịta n'isi Krishna, otu ahụ ka a kwenyere na prasādam na-ejupụta na amara Krishna. N'ihi nke a, ndị na-efe ofufe kwenyere na iri prasādam na-agbanwe obi ndị na-eri nri. N'ihi nke a, ndị na-efe ofufe na Krishna West (na na ISKCON n'ụzọ sara mbara) na-agbalịsi ike iri prasādam mgbe nile nakwa iji kesaa ya ndị ọzọ ka e wee weta amara Krishna n'ebe dị anya (Eze 2012; Zeller 2012).

RITUALS / PRACTICES

Ọ bụ ezie na Krishna West bụ obere mmegharị nke ISKCON, na-ekerịta nkwenkwe na ozizi na nzukọ nne na nna ya, e nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ Krishna West si dị iche na ISKCON. Esemokwu ndị a na-ebute ụzọ na ngalaba nke emume na omume. Nke a abụghị ịsị na Krishna West nwere omume ndị ọzọ na-abụghị nke ngagharị ISKCON sara mbara, agbanyeghị. Kama nke ahụ, omume dị na Krishna West dị iche na nke ndị ISKCON ka ukwuu n'ihi na ndị Krishna West na-anwa ịpụ "syphon" otu usoro omume sitere na ISKCON (ndị ha na-ahụ na ọ dị mkpa) ma na-eduzi ha n'ụzọ ha chere na ọ ga-amasị. nye "ndị ọdịda anyanwụ." A kọwara usoro a n'ime ozi na nkwupụta ọhụụ nke Krishna West:

anyị na-akpọ ọrụ a Krishna West n'ihi na anyị na-eme ihe niile kwere omume iji mee ka bhakti-yoga dị mfe, dị mkpa na nke na-atọ ụtọ maka ndị Western, na-enweghị n'ụzọ ọ bụla imebi, imebi ma ọ bụ ibelata ịdị ọcha na ike nke omenala oge ochie dị ebube. Anyị na-eme nke a site n'inye ihe nkuzi na omume ime mmụọ dị mkpa n'ozuzu ya, na-enweghị chọrọ ka ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị ọkachamara nabata agbụrụ ọhụrụ nke mejupụtara uwe na-adịghị mkpa nke Eastern, nri, egwu wdg. Ndị mmadụ nọ n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ chọrọ ma kwesị ohere ịme ezi omume. bhakti-yoga n'ime omenala mpụga nke dị mma na eke maka ha. (Krishna West Weebụsaịtị nd).

Anyị na-akuziri omume bhakti-yoga, sayensị mmụọ na-enweghị isi, nke na-enye onye na-eme ya ihe n'eziokwu nwere ike ịnweta ma nwee mmetụta. Obodo bhakti-yoga si otú a na-achọ itinye aka na iku ume nke ụwa anyị, na-enye aka na-eme ka ọha na eze, akụ na ụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ikpe ziri ezi na gburugburu ebe obibi. (Krishna West Weebụsaịtị nd).

Dị ka a na-ahụ na ozi ndị a na nkwupụta ọhụụ, ndị na-akwado Krishna West kwenyere na e nwere ihe dị mkpa nke ISKCON nke dị na ya nwere ike kewapụ ma mee ka a gbapụ ya na mpaghara ọ bụla, omenala, ma ọ bụ agbụrụ agbụrụ ma ọ bụ ihe ejiji. Ọzọkwa, isi ihe a, ha kwenyere na enwere ike ịtụgharị ọzọ n'ime uwe omenala nke dị mma maka ndị na-ege ntị ("ndị ọdịda anyanwụ" n'ihe banyere Krishna West) (Karapanagiotis 2021).

Hridayananda Das Goswami na ndị ọzọ na-akwado Krishna West na-akatọ eziokwu ahụ bụ na omenala ofufe ISKCON gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na omenala ndị Hindu "nkwado," na-ekwu na nke a bụ ihe mere ISKCON ji nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịdọta obodo India, ma ọ bụghị na-adọta "ndị ọdịda anyanwụ" (Karapanagiotis 2021). Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Hridayananda Das Goswami na-atụle eziokwu ahụ bụ na ndị malitere ife ofufe na ISKCON na-ewere aha ofufe Sanskrit, wee jiri "asụsụ ime mmụọ" jupụtara na okwu Sanskrit. Ọ gbakwụnyere na ndị na-efe ofufe na-eyikarị uwe ofufe South Asia na ụlọ arụsị na mmemme ISKCON ndị ọzọ, na-eri prasādam nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nri India mgbe niile, na-egwu egwu na ngwa ndị India (ma na-abụ abụ n'asụsụ Liturgical India). Ọ bụrụ na "ihe kachasị mkpa" nke ISKCON nwere ike igosi "ndị ọdịda anyanwụ" n'ụdị na usoro omenala nke dị mma ma mara ha, ndị na-akwado Krishna West na-arụ ụka, "ndị ọdịda anyanwụ" ga-achọsi ike ịbanye na mmegharị ahụ. Ya mere, emebere emume na omume na Krishna West n'ebumnobi nke a.

Ihe mgbaru ọsọ Krishna West nke ime ISKCON na-enweghị omenala Hindu ọ bụla "ọnyà," bụ nke mbụ na-egosipụta na oghere ebe ndị otu Krishna West na-ezute. [Foto dị n'aka nri] N'adịghị ka ọtụtụ mmemme ISKCON, mmemme Krishna West anaghị eme na ụlọ nsọ, ma ọ bụ na oghere ndị yiri ụlọ nsọ. Kama nke ahụ, mmemme Krishna West na-ewere ọnọdụ n'ụlọ ezumezu mgbazinye, ụlọ yoga mgbazinye (ma ọ bụ ebe a na-ezukọta na ha), n'ogige ntụrụndụ, ụzọ ije, ogige dị n'èzí, na/ma ọ bụ n'ụlọ ndị ofufe.

Ihe ngosi ọzọ nke oghere Krishna West bụ na ha enweghị ebe ịchụàjà ma ọ bụ chi arụnyere arụnyere n'ememe (mūrtis) bụ nke a na-ahụ na ụlọ nsọ ISKCON. N'otu aka ahụ, omume Krishna West adịghị agụnye ofufe chi (mūrti pūjā) nke a na-eme na ụlọ nsọ ISKCON.

Na mgbakwunye na ịme ihe na oghere ndị a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-adọrọ mmasị "ndị ọdịda anyanwụ," ndị na-akwado Krishna West na-agbakwa mbọ ikwe ka ndị na-eme ihe na-eyi uwe na-adabara ha mma. Uwe bụ otu n'ime isi ihe dị iche n'etiti Krishna West na ndị nne na nna ya ISKCON. Na Krishna West, ndị na-efe ofufe anaghị eyi uwe ofufe South Asia. Nke a pụtara na kama iyiri uwe dhotīs nke ISKCON (akwa ukwu úkwù), kurtās (akpa uwe ogologo, nke rụrụ arụ), suru, wdg, Krishna West practitioners na-eyi jeans, uwe elu bọtịnụ, uwe, uwe mwụda, uwe ogologo ọkpa, sweta, wdg.

N'ihe gbasara usoro omume na mmemme, Krishna West na-ekerịta ọtụtụ myirịta na ije ISKCON. Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ Krishna West, dịka ọmụmaatụ, nwere nzukọ na nnọkọ kwa izu. Mgbakọ ndị a-nke dị iche n'etiti mmadụ na usoro ịntanetị-na-amalitekarị site n'ịabụ ma ọ bụ iti mkpu nke Hare Krishna. mantra mma. N'ụzọ dị mkpa, dị ka nke Krishna West paradigm, na-abụ / na-abụ abụ bụghị (naanị) na-esonyere ya na ngwa India ma ọ bụ ọkọlọtọ ISKCON harmonium, mṛdaṅga drums, wdg Kama, ọ na-ejikarị ngwa "western" dị ka guitars, pianos. violin, ahụigodo, na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ọzọkwa, na Krishna West, a na-ahazi mahā mantra ka ọ bụrụ abụ abụ "ọdịda anyanwụ", gụnyere nke egwu oge ochie nke ọdịda anyanwụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị na-efe ofufe na-eji abụ abụ kee ihe, na-edobe mantra mahā ka ọ bụrụ egwu egwu egwu ama ama dị ka nke Pink Floyd, Eagles, wdg.

N'ọtụtụ mmemme Krishna West, mkparịta ụka nke Bhagavad-Gītā na-eso abụ nke mantra. Mkparịta ụka a na-abụkarị otu onye, ​​mana ma ọ bụghị ya bụ mkparịta ụka na-ekere òkè na-ejedebe na ajụjụ & A. Ọ dị mkpa, n'ihi na ememe mūrti pūjā (ofufe chi) adịghị na Krishna West Centers, mmemme na Krishna West dị ọtụtụ karịa. dabere na ederede karịa na isi okwu ISKCON. Mgbe Gita mkparịta ụka, mmemme mechiri na ndị bịara mgbakọ na-ekerịta nri nri nke prasādam. N'ụzọ kwekọrọ n'ụkpụrụ nke Krishna West, nri abụghị ọkọlọtọ ISKCON ndị India anaghị eri anụ. Kama, ọ bụ nri onye anaghị eri anụ ka “na-adabere na ọdịda anyanwụ,” ma na-agụnyekarị efere dị ka pasta, salad, ofe, na pizza. N'ụzọ dị mkpa, nri dị na Krishna West center dabara na ụgwọ obodo nke ọ dabere na ya: dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na etiti Krishna West dị na Chile, a ga-enye nri onye anaghị eri anụ Chile na-esochi. Gita mkparịta ụka.

Na mgbakwunye na mmemme kwa izu, enwere mmemme ndị ọzọ dị iche iche na Krishna West. Mmemme ndị a na-adịgasị iche site na ọnọdụ, mana gụnyere nzukọ iji kparịta akwụkwọ Swami Prabhupada na Hridayananda Das Goswami, nnọkọ iji na-abụ abụ ma na-abụ abụ Hare Krishna mahā mantra, yana nnọkọ ndị na-eme naanị ọha na eze (ịga ije, ikere òkè na prasādam, wdg). ). Na mgbakwunye na omume otu ahụ, ndị na-efe ofufe na Krishna West na-ejigide omume nke onye ọ bụla bụ ọkọlọtọ na ISKCON: na-abụ abụ jāpa (gburugburu mahā mantra na-abụ abụ n'obere ma ọ bụ nwayọ nye onwe ya site na iji mālā)., ma ọ bụ rosary beaded) na ịgbaso ụkpụrụ iwu anọ nke ISKCON (enweghị anụ, azụ, akwa, ịgba chaa chaa, ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè, ma ọ bụ mmekọahụ iwu na-akwadoghị) (Bromley na Shinn, eds. 1989; Bryant na Ekstrand, eds. 2004; Burke 1985, 2007; Dwyer na Cole, eds. 2007; Karapanagiotis 2021; Knott 1986; Squarcini na Fizzotti 2004). Ndị na-efe Krishna West na-agbakwa mbọ ịgbasa nkuzi nke Prabhupada na ISKCON site n'ịmepewanye mmemme Krishna West na ikesa akwụkwọ Prabhupada na Hridayananda Das Goswami. Akwụkwọ ndị a gụnyere nke Swami Prabhupada Bhagavad-Gītā ka ọ dị (Prabhupada 1986), nke Hridayananda Das Goswami Ntuziaka zuru oke maka Bhagavad-Gītā na ntụgharị asụsụ nkịtị (Goswami, 2015), na nke Hridayananda Das Goswami Achọ maka ikpe ziri ezi: Họrọ Akụkọ nwere ọkụ ọgbara ọhụrụ sitere na Mahabharata (Goswami 2017), n'etiti ndị ọzọ.

NKWUKWU / LEADERSHIP

Krishna West bụ obere ngagharị nke ISKCON; N'ihi ya, a na-edebe ya n'okpuru usoro ikike nke Òtù Na-achị Isi nke ISKCON (GBC). Hridayananda Das Goswami, onye nchoputa nke Krishna West, ekwuola n'ọtụtụ oge na ọ dị mkpa na Swami Prabhupada na ISKCON ekewaghị n'ime otu dị iche iche yana usoro ndu dị iche iche. Ya mere, Krishna West na-anọgide n'okpuru nche anwụ nke ISKCON na GBC, ọ bụ ezie na nhazi ọ nwere ike ịdị mfe ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị.

N'agbanyeghị na Krishna West nọ n'okpuru nche anwụ nke ISKCON, n'ihi na ọ bụ sub-mmegharị, ọ nwekwara ya onwe ya ndu na nzukọ. Onye ndu Krishna West bụ Hridayananda Das Goswami. Mụ na Hridayananda Das Goswami na-arụkọ ọrụ, bụ otu ndị mmadụ ruru iri ise, nwere ọrụ sitere na "onye isi ọrụ," "onye otu kansụl," "njikọ," "onye njikwa," na "onye nhazi," ịkpọ aha ole na ole. (Krishna West Weebụsaịtị nd "Zute Ndị Otu"). N'agbanyeghị ntọlite ​​​​a, ndị isi Krishna West anaghị agbaso usoro etiti ma ọ bụ gbadata elu. Kama nke ahụ, usoro nhazi nke Krishna West na-agbasasị ma gbasaa, na ọrụ ya na ebe a na-emepụta ya na-agbanwe agbanwe.

Enwere ụlọ ọrụ na ọrụ Krishna West n'ụwa niile, gụnyere na Mexico, Brazil, United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Chile, Argentina na Italy, ịkpọ aha ole na ole. Ụlọ ọrụ ọ bụla dị na ebe ndị a dị iche ma nwee mmemme nke ya n'otu n'otu haziri yana jikwaa ya, yana njikwa nke ya, na ndị ọrụ ofufe. A ghọtara usoro nhazi nke Krishna West nke ọma dị ka otu ndị na-akwado ISKCON (ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị na-eso ụzọ Hridayananda Das Goswami) bụ ndị e nyere ọrụ ịmalite ma na-agba ọsọ Krishna West satellite centers na mmemme na mpaghara ha, ebe ọ bụla ha na-eme. bụrụ. Nke a na-eme ka nhazi na onye isi nke Krishna West na-enye usoro mmepụta ihe na mmiri mmiri n'ihi na ọ pụtara na Krishna West na-eto ma na-agbasa dịka talent, ikike, oge, ọnọdụ, na ikike nke ndị na-eso ụzọ ndị a n'onwe ha si dị. Ọ pụtakwara na etiti Krishna West dị iche iche: ọ bụghị naanị na nha na ikike dị iche iche dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-eso ụzọ, kamakwa na mmemme dị iche iche na ụdị mmemme dabere na ndị na-eso ụzọ na-agba ya.

Akụkụ ole na ole ndị ọzọ dị mkpa nke nhazi nhazi nke Krishna West bụ ihe ama ama. Nke mbụ, ụlọ ọrụ Krishna West dị iche iche na ọrụ dị n'akụkụ ụwa niile nọ na ọkwa mmepe dị iche iche: ebe ụfọdụ na-enwe mmemme mgbe niile, ndị ọzọ anaghị eme ya. Ọzọkwa, n'ihi na ọtụtụ Krishna West Centers bụ naanị ndị na-efe ofufe ole na ole na-arụ ọrụ afọ ofufo, ọnọdụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị a na-enwekarị mgbanwe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na onye na-efe ofufe akwagharị, were ọrụ ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ, dị ka n'oge Covid 19, enwere mgbanwe n'ọnọdụ obodo, dịka na etiti nwere ike mechie ma ọ bụ na-ehi ụra nwa oge. Ya mere, ebe enwere ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ Krishna West edepụtara na webụsaịtị otu ahụ, ọtụtụ anaghịzi arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ na-apụ apụ (Krishna West website nd “Projects”). Krishna West Center kacha sie ike dị na South America: ọkachasị na Chile, Brazil na Argentina. Krishna West Chicago na Krishna West Orlando (ma na United States) nwekwara mmemme na-aga nke ọma.

N'ikpeazụ, ọ dị mkpa iburu n'uche na okwu ahụ bụ "etiti," mgbe ị na-elele nhazi nhazi nke Krishna West, tọgbọrọ chakoo. Nke a bụ n'ihi ihe abụọ. Nke mbụ, ọ bụghị ihe niile (ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọtụtụ) ụlọ ọrụ Krishna West nwere ohere nke ha guzosiri ike: kama nke ahụ, ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime mmemme Krishna West na-ewere ọnọdụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na ụlọ ezumike, ụlọ yoga, na / ma ọ bụ ndị na-efe ofufe. ụlọ. Nke abụọ, okwu ahụ bụ "etiti" na-abụkarị okwu nche anwụ eji akọwa otu mmemme na ọrụ dị iche iche nke Krishna West, nke ọ bụla na-agba ọsọ site n'aka ndị na-eso ụzọ dị iche iche, ndị a na-enye n'otu obodo ma nwee nkwado, ma ọ bụghị otu mmemme. Otú ọ dị, ekwesịrị ịmara na ọ bụ ezie na "etiti" Krishna West ọ bụla dị iche na nke nwere uche, ndị na-eso ụzọ na-agba ọsọ na ebe dị iche iche na mmemme na-ezukọ mgbe nile maka mkparịta ụka iji kwurịta ọganihu nke etiti ha, na-akparịta ụka banyere ihe na-aga nke ọma. , na ijikọta ọnụ mee atụmatụ maka otu esi emeziwanye. Hridayananda Das Goswami n'onwe ya na-ezutekwa ndị isi etiti na ndị isi ọrụ mgbe niile ma na-eleta ebe dị iche iche Krishna West ugboro ugboro.

ISSUES / CHALLENGES

N'agbanyeghị na e hiwere ya n'afọ 2013, ndị na-akwado Krishna West enwetela ọtụtụ ihe ịma aka, nke sitere n'aka ndị na-efe ofufe na ngagharị ISKCON ka ukwuu yana kwa ISKCON's GBC. Ihe ịma aka ndị a dabere na echiche nke nkwenkwe, omume, na njirimara ụlọ ọrụ Krishna West n'ihe gbasara ngagharị ISKCON sara mbara. Ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ịma aka ndị a mere ka GBC wepụta oge ikwusa ozi ọma nwa oge na Hridayananda Das Goswami (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na 2014 mgbe GBC machibido ya ịga Europe iji kwusaa Krishna West) (Karapanagiotis 2021). Agbanyeghị, ndị GBC chụpụrụ Krishna West ma ọ bụ chụpụ ya na ISKCON. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Krishna West ewepụtala ebe dị jụụ n'ime nche anwụ ISKCON, na-anọ ma n'ime, yana arụkwa ọrụ n'akụkụ, ngagharị sara mbara.

Ihe ịma aka a na-ewelitekarị gbasara Krishna West na ISKCON metụtara mgbanwe Hridayananda Das Goswami hibere n'ihe gbasara ụdị ejiji ndị ofufe. Dị ka a tụlere na mbụ, Hridayananda Das Goswami ekwuola na na Krishna West, ndị na-efe ofufe anaghị eyi uwe nsọ nke South Asia nke na-egosipụta ụdị ejiji ndị ISKCON. Kama dhotīs, kurtās, sarees, wdg., Ndị na-efe ofufe na Krishna West na-eyi ihe Hridayananda Das Goswami na-ezo aka dị ka "uwe ọdịda anyanwụ" ihe ọ bụla sitere na jeans, uwe ogologo ọkpa khaki, uwe maxi, uwe elu, na blazers.

N'agbanyeghị na Hridayananda Das Goswami agbalịbeghị ịgbanwe otú ndị na-efe ofufe na-eji ejiji n'ime isi ụlọ ọrụ ISKCON, mgbanwe uwe ọ mere na Krishna West agbanyela akwara dị omimi na mmegharị ISKCON, na ọtụtụ ndị na-efe ISKCON ewerewo ihe ndị a. uwe na-agbanwe ka ọ bụrụ mwakpo na akụkụ etiti nke njirimara ha (na ISKCON) (Karapanagiotis 2021). Mkpokọta sara mbara nke arụmụka ahụ bụ ndị a: ebe Hridayananda Das Goswami na-arụ ụka na uwe adịghị mkpa maka nkwenkwe ISKCON ma ọ bụ omume ndụ, ndị na-efe ofufe na nnukwu mmegharị ahụ na-arụ ụka na uwe nsọ nke South Asia nke ha na-eyi bụ akụkụ nke mmegharị nke Prabhupada guzobere. . Ọ bụkwa ụzọ bụ isi ha si achọpụta na isi njirimara ha bụ nke okpukpere chi (ọ bụrụhaala na uwe mmadụ yi na-emetụta nghọta onwe ya, ọnọdụ uche, wdg). Ha kwenyere na uwe a na-enyekwara ha aka icheta Krishna ma debe onwe ha pụọ ​​​​na ụwa nkịtị. Ya mere, ebe Hridayananda Das Goswami na-achọ naanị ijide na Krishna West ihe ọ na-ahụ na ọ bụ "isi nke" ISKCON (ma ọ kweghị na uwe nsọ nke South Asia dabara na nke a), ndị na-efe ISKCON na nnukwu mmegharị ahụ ekweghị na Enwere ike ịpụpụ "isi" nke ISKCON na mmegharị ahụ na / ma ọ bụ kwenye na ọ bụrụ na e nwere "ihe kachasị mkpa," ọ na-agụnye àgwà ụfọdụ nke uwe nsọ nke South Asia.

Hridayananda Das Goswami na-eme ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti ihe dị mkpa na ISKCON (ma ọ bụ ihe "na-adịru ebighị ebi" dị ka ọ na-akpọ ya) na ihe na-adịghị mkpa na ISKCON (ma ọ bụ "mpụga"). Ọdịiche a dị n'etiti ọtụtụ azụ azụ megide Krishna West. N'ime ihe dị iche iche a, Hridayananda Das Goswami na-ekwu na ọ na-agbaso nkuzi Prabhupada ma na-arụ ụka na Prabhupada n'onwe ya echeghị na uwe ndị India bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke mmegharị ahụ (ma ọ bụ, dịka Hridayananda Das Goswami si kwuo, ọ naghị eche na akụkụ ndị ọzọ) dị ka nri India, egwu India, wdg) dị mkpa). Kama, ihe metụtara Prabhupada, ọ na-azọrọ na, bụ omume dị ka ịgụ abụ, iri nri edoro nsọ, na ịgụ ihe, ịmụta na ikesa Bhagavad-Gītā. (Karapanagiotis 2021). Dị ka Hridayananda Das Goswami si kwuo, ọ baghị uru Prabhupada ma a na-eme ihe ndị a na uwe India ma ọ bụ "ọdịda anyanwụ"; Ọ bụrụ na ndị na-efe ofufe rie India ma ọ bụ "wụrụ anyanwụ" prasādam, wdg. Ọtụtụ ndị na-efe ofufe na ISKCON ka ukwuu, Otú ọ dị, ekwetaghị na usoro a, na-ekwere na Hridayananda Das Goswami "na-akpagbu ìgwè mmadụ," ma na-agbanwe agbanwe ozizi Swami Prabhupada. na-adọta "ndị ọdịda anyanwụ." N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, na mainline ISKCON devotees, Hridayananda Das Goswami na-ekweta na-ekwu na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ISKCON ije adịghị mkpa (ma ọ bụ "na-abụghị nke ebighị ebi") n'ihi na o kwenyere na akụkụ ndị a agaghị amasị "ndị ọdịda anyanwụ" ndị ọ bụ. na-atụ anya na-adọta na mmegharị ahụ. Ọ dịghị ebe ọ bụla esemokwu a ka kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ karịa mgbe a bịara n'ịhazi ntọala Krishna West, nke kachasị, enweghị nke Krishna mūrtis (chi) ha pụtara ìhè na ememe mūrti pūjā na-eso ya., ma ọ bụ na-efe chi dị iche iche. Maka ọtụtụ ndị na-efe ofufe na ngagharị ISKCON sara mbara, enweghị nke a bụ mkparị nye akụkụ dị mkpa nke ISKCON: n'ezie nke ha na-ahụ dị ka ihe dị mkpa. Otú ọ dị, Hridayananda Das Goswami, na-arụ ụka na isi ọrụ Prabhupada bụ ikwusa ozi na ịgbasa ije ISKCON, na-achọpụta na Prabhupada nwere ụlọ arụsị arụnyere iji kwado ozi nke ikwusa ozi ọma, ọ bụghị ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ etiti nke mmegharị ahụ n'onwe ha. (Karapanagiotis 2021).

N'agbanyeghị na ha anaghị eji asụsụ nke dị mkpa na nke na-adịghị mkpa (ma ọ bụ ebighi ebi megide mpụga), ndị gurus ndị ọzọ na-anabatakwa ya. ISKỌN mmemme na oghere ndị na-abụghị ụlọ nsọ (dị ka ebe a na-atụgharị uche, ebe a na-eme yoga, wdg) na ọtụtụ mgbe oghere ndị a na-ama ụma na-enweghị mūrtis na mūrti pūjā.. Ọzọkwa, mmemme ndị a bụ ndị na-efe ofufe na-eyi ihe Hridayananda Das Goswami na-akpọ uwe "ọdịda anyanwụ". N'ụzọ dị mkpa, a na-ama ụma mee ihe ndị a niile iji gbalịa ịdọta "ndị ọdịda anyanwụ" (Karapanagiotis 2021). Ndị gurus a na mmemme ha, kwa, na-anata azụ azụ site n'aka ndị nọ na ngagharị ISKCON ka ukwuu maka ihe ndị yiri ya ka Hridayananda Das Goswami. Otú ọ dị, Krishna West na-enweta nzaghachi azụ karịa ndị gurus na mmemme ndị ọzọ n'ihi na Hridayananda Das Goswami achọpụtala na e zubere Krishna West ka ọ bụrụ "akwa," kama ọ bụ, ka ọ bụrụ "ebe" (Karapanagiotis 2021). Asụsụ a nke "akwa" megide "ebe njedebe" na-ezo aka n'eziokwu na mgbe ndị gurus ndị ọzọ na-emepụta mmemme ISKCON na ụlọ ezumike, ụlọ yoga, wdg iji dọta ndị na-ege ntị "ọdịda anyanwụ" na-eme ya dị ka ụzọ isi kwụsị, Hridayananda. Das Goswami's Krishna West bụ njedebe n'onwe ya. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, ebe ndị gurus ndị ọzọ na-enye "ọdịda anyanwụ" na-egosipụta ISKCON iji dọta "ndị ọdịda anyanwụ," ihe mgbaru ọsọ ha kacha bụ ka emesịa webata "ndị ọdịda anyanwụ" ndị a n'ime isi ihe ISKCON na obodo ya dabeere na ụlọ nsọ. Ndị na-akwado Krishna West, n'aka nke ọzọ, anaghị anwa ịdọta "ndị ọdịda anyanwụ" n'ime ụlọ nsọ ISKCON ma ọ bụ obodo temple. Kama nke ahụ, Krishna West bụ, dị ka Hridayananda Das Goswami n'onwe ya si kwuo, ebe njedebe n'onwe ya.

N'ikpeazụ ma ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ, ọ bụ n'ezie arụmụka na Krishna West (na atụmatụ ISKCON ndị ọzọ yiri ya) na-agbalịsi ike ịbịaru ndị na-ege ntị "ọdịda anyanwụ" na mmegharị ahụ kama inwe afọ ojuju na nnukwu (ma na-eto eto) ntọala ọgbakọ nke ndị na-efe India kwadoro. . N'ezie, nkewa nke "ọdịda anyanwụ" na ndị India bụ nsogbu n'onwe ya n'ihi na ọ bụ nkewa dị mfe ma na-enye nsogbu nke ndị mmadụ na-enwe ezi uche na usoro colonial India. Otú ọ dị, esemokwu ndị a na-emekarị ka ndị si mba ọzọ na-ebuli ya na òtù ISKCON, kama ịbụ ndị na-efe ofufe n'ime ya. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ọchịchọ inwe ọgbakọ ọgbakọ zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ Swami Prabhupada (na onye bu ya ụzọ gurus na usoro ISKCON) na-ekwukarị na ọ bụ akụkụ nke njirimara na ozi etiti nke ISKCON. Ozi a ka dịgidere ruo taa ma na-agbasa mmụọ ozi-ọma nke ije ISKCON n'isi obodo ya niile, gụnyere ndị nọ n'India.

Foto

Foto #1: Hridayananda Das Goswami na-akpọ piano. Isi mmalite: weebụsaịtị Krishna West. Enwetara 9/1/23.
Foto #2: Krishna West London Mgbakọ. Isi mmalite: Krishna West Facebook ibe (ọha). Enwetara 9/1/23.
Foto #3: Krishna West Gathering. Isi mmalite: Krishna West Facebook ibe (ọha). Enwetara 9/1/23.

Ntụgharịghachi **

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Goswami, HD 2015. Ntuziaka zuru oke maka Bhagavad-Gītā na ntụgharị asụsụ nkịtị. Gainesville: Krishna West, Inc.

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Zeller, Benjamin E. 2012. '' Omume nri, omenala, na mmekọrịta ọha na eze na mmegharị Hare Krishna." Pp. 681-702 n'arọ Akwụkwọ ntụziaka nke New Religions and Cultural Production, nke Carole M. Cusack na Alex Norman dere. Boston: Ahịa.

** Ekele pụrụ iche nye Cassius Blankenship, onye enyemaka nyocha m na-agụghị akwụkwọ, onye mụ na ya rụkọrọ ọrụ na akụkọ ọdịnala nke ntinye a dabere. Ọtụtụ nghọta ya abanyela na nyocha ebe a. Ekele dịrịkwa Ishana Das nke Krishna West Orlando, Krishna Das nke Krishna West Chicago, na Panchali Dasi nke Krishna West Chile maka ụbọchị ha nyere maka usoro iheomume nke Krishna West, enyemaka ha n'ịghọta nhazi nhazi nke Krishna West, na mmesapụ aka ha na nnabata. Mụ na Cassius na mmemme ha.

Ụbọchị Mgbasa Ozi:
3 September 2023

 

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