Ezinụlọ (Australia)

EZIOKWU EZINỤLỌ

1921: Anne Hamilton-Byrne (nke a na-akpọbu Evelyn Grace Victoria Edwards) amụrụ.

1941: Evelyn lụrụ Lionel Harris n'okpuru aha Anne Hamilton; E buru ụzọ mee nne ya, Florence Edwards, ụlọ ọgwụ site na isi mgbaka.

1962: Na 22 Disemba Anne zutere onye dibia bekee bụ Dr. Raynor Johnson, Nna-ukwu nke Queen's College, Mahadum nke Melbourne. Ọ ghọrọ Jọn Baptist nye ya Jizọs Kraịst.

1965: Anne lụrụ Michael Riley. Ha gbara alụkwaghịm n'afọ na-eso ya.

1978: Anne lụrụ onye ibe ya, onye England bụ Bill Byrne (di na nwunye ahụ ji Hamilton-Byrne dị ka aha nna ha ruo afọ ụfọdụ).

1987: Raynor Johnson nwụrụ na Upper Ferntree Gully na 16 May. Sarah Hamilton-Byrne chụrụ Anne maka omume nnupụisi, wee gakwuru ndị uwe ojii. Ndị uwe ojii gọọmentị etiti wakporo Kai Lama (Ugwu) dị n'Ọdọ Mmiri Eildon na Ọgọst, wee jide ụmụaka Anne.

1988: Mgbasa ndị uwe ojii gara n'ihu na ihe onwunwe nke ezinụlọ mere ka a gbaa ndị inyom asatọ ikpe na ikpe ha ikpe ("aunties") maka aghụghọ aghụghọ nchekwa ọha.

1995: Sarah Hamilton-Byrne (onye bụbu Andrée Hamilton-Byrne, onye mechara bụrụ Sarah Moore) bipụtara. Ihe a na-adịghị ahụ anya, ndị a na-anụghị, amaghị: Ndụ M na Ezinụlọ Anne Hamilton-Byrne.

1998: Annedị akụkọ akụkọ Carmel Bird nke akụkọ Anne, Uhie uhie, dabere na A naghị ahụ anya, Anụghị, Amaghi e bipụtara.

2001: Bill Hamilton-Byrne nwụrụ.

2004: Anne Hamilton-Byrne banyere ụlọ ọrụ na-elekọta agadi n'ihi nyocha nke mgbaka.

2016: Sarah Moore nwụrụ site na-enweghị ihe kpatara ya, ikekwe n'ihi nsogbu ahụike sitere na mbọ igbu onwe ya na 2008.

2017: Anne Hamilton-Byrne biri na Centennial Lodge Nursing Home, Wantirna South (Victoria). Chris Johnston na Rosie Jones bipụtara Ezinụlọ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Jones, Ezinụlọ, e gosiri na cinemas na Australia na n'ụwa nile.

2019 (June 13): Anne Hamilton-Byrne, onye nọworo na-agwọ ọrịa ọrịa ruo oge ụfọdụ, nwụrụ na Centennial Lodge Nursing Home mgbe ọ dị afọ iri iteghete na asaa.

FOUNTER / GROUP HISTORY

A mụrụ Anne Hamilton-Byrne Evelyn Grace Victoria Edwards na Disemba 30, 1921 na Sale, Victoria. [Foto dị n'aka nri] Ndị mụrụ ya bụ Ralph Edwards (d. 1966), onye a mụrụ na Melbourne ma lụọ Agha Iwa Mbụ, na nwunye ya nke abụọ bụ Florence Hoile (nke bụ 1971), onye ọ zutere ma lụọ na London (Mikul 1999: 48). Evelyn bụ ọkpara n'ime ụmụ asaa wee tolite na ịda ogbenye yana nne na nna na-adịghị anọkarị. Nne ya nwere schizophrenia ma nọrọ n'ụlọ ọgwụ na ụlọ ọrụ ọgụgụ isi anọ na mpaghara Melbourne site na 1941. Evelyn nọrọ oge ụfọdụ na OId Melbourne Orphanage ma na-aga Sunshine Primary School mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ na 1929. Afọ iri na ụma ya bụ akwụkwọ ederede, mana na iri abụọ na 1941 ọ gbanwere aha ya ka ọ bụrụ Anne Hamilton, wee lụọ Lionel Harris, bụ nna nna nke naanị otu nwa mụrụ ya, bụ Judith Harris (nke e mechara mara dị ka Natasha Hamilton-Byrne). Di ya nwụrụ n'ihe ọghọm ụgbọ ala na 1955, na 1965 ọ lụrụ Michael Riley, onye na-elekọta ubi na onye nlekota na Queen's College, Mahadum nke Melbourne. Alụmdi na nwunye a dị mkpirikpi dị ihe dị ka otu afọ, mana na 1962 Riley mere ka Anne gaa Master's's Queen, Dr Raynor Carey Johnson (1901-1987), onye Bekee na physics, onye ghọrọ ezigbo ya na ezinụlọ. Anne, onye gosipụtara onwe ya dị ka nlọghachi nke Jizọs Kraịst, họpụtara Johnson dị ka John Baptist (Steel 2017). Ná mmalite nke 1963 Johnson, nwa ya nwanyị bụ Maureen na nwunye Mary, na mmadụ anọ ndị ọzọ ghọrọ ndị na-eso ụzọ asaa mbụ nke Anne na otu akpọrọ Great White Brotherhood of Initiates and Masters (Johnston na Jones 2016: 24-26).

Anne na Raynor bụ ndị na-achọ ya bụ ndị nyochaworo ụzọ dị iche iche okpukpe na n'ụzọ ime mmụọ tupu ha ezute. Mgbe di mbu Anne di na 1955 nwuru na o bu onye nkuzi nke yoga na Melbourne na Geelong, ha na Margrit Segesman, nwanyi nwanyi di nwanyi di nwanyi nke "biri n'ugwu ugbo India ma soro onye guru nke Tibet ... [ma] kwuru na ha bi na Osimiri India maka afọ ise "(Johnston na Jones 2016: 12). Site na oge ya na Raynor zutere, Anne nọ na Theosophy (nke Madame Helena Blavatsky na Colonel Henry Steel Olcott dere na 1875), Anthroposophy (nke mbụ nke Theosophist Rudolf Steiner na 1912), na ọrụ nke ọtụtụ ndị India, dị ka Paramahansa Yogananda onye bipụtara Autobiography nke Guru na 1946, na Swami Muktananda, onye o kwenyere na ya bu onye nkuzi ya. N'adịghị ka Anne, bụ onye na-enweghị ikike ọkachamara ma ọ bụ agụmakwụkwọ, Raynor gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Bachelor of Arts / Master of Arts (1922-1924) na Balliol College, Oxford, ma mesịa mụọ maka Bachelor of Science, Doctor of Philosophy, and Doctorate of Science ( 1922-1927) na Mahadum London. Ọ kwagara Australia iji weghara ọnọdụ na Queen's College na 1934, wee zute Ambrose Pratt, onye nta akụkọ, onye ọka iwu na onye edemede nwere mmasị na Buddha na okpukpe Hindu. Mgbe Pratt nwụsịrị na 1944 Raynor bipụtara akwụkwọ anọ na-ewu ewu banyere mgbaasị na paranormal, “Ụlọ Mkpọrọ n'Ụlọ Mkpọrọ (1953), Nurslings nke anwụghị anwụ (1957), Watcher na nta (1959) na Ìhè na Ọnụ Ụzọ (1964) "(Parnaby 2007). Na 1963, Raynor na Mary gara India izute ndị nkụzi abụọ a ma ama, "Vinoba Bhave na Santiniketan, ashram nke Rabindranath Tagore, na Swami Pratyagatmananda guzo na Calcutta" (Parnaby 2007). Njem Mary na-arịa ọrịa siri ike, nke Anne gosipụtara na nzukọ mbụ ya na Raynor Johnson. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ihe akaebe nke dugara ezinụlọ Johnson ahụ iji nye onwe ha Anne.

Anne amalitela inweta ndị na-eso ụzọ n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị ndị gara klaasị yoga ya, yana usoro ngbanwe onwe ya gụnyere ịwa ahụ plastic ugboro ugboro nke mere ka ọ dị obere karịa afọ ndụ ya (Raynor mere atụmatụ na ọ dị afọ iri atọ na nzukọ mbụ ha, mana ọ bụ n'eziokwu iri anọ na otu). Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-eso ụzọ ya kachasị nso n'ime afọ iri abụọ na ise site na nzukọ Johnson na 1962 ruo na ndị uwe ojii wakporo ihe onwunwe nke Ezinaụlọ nwere na 1987 bụ ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'alụmdi na nwunye na-enweghị obi ụtọ na Anne jikọtara onwe ya na mmekọrịta nke iguzosi ike n'ihe na-enweghị atụ (Polcyn na Richardson 2017a). Ndị "aunties" ndị bi na ụmụaka na Lake Eildon (Patricia [Trish] Macfarlane, Elizabeth [Liz] Whitaker, Margot MacLellan [onye a mụrụ Peggy Warren] na Wynn Belman) nọ n'etiti otu a (Hamilton-Byrne 1995: 39). N'ime afọ 1960, Raynor kpọbatara Anne na ndị enyi ya na ndị ha na ya na-arụkọ ọrụ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị ọkaibe na-aga nke ọma, gụnyere ndị ọka iwu, ndị dọkịta, ndị nkuzi, na ndị ọkachamara. Howard Whitaker, onye dibịa mgbaka, na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ nkeonwe a na-akpọ Newhaven na mpaghara ndị ama ama na Kew, yana ndị isi ezinụlọ abụọ ọzọ (Harry Bethune na John Mackay). Newhaven ga-aghọ isi iyi nke ndị na-eso ụzọ ọhụrụ, na mgbe e mesịrị ụmụ ọhụrụ Anne chọrọ. Anne ji ndị na-eso ụzọ ahụike akpọrọ ihe, n'ihi na ọ chọrọ nnukwu ọgwụ, gụnyere psychedelics na tranquillizers, maka iji mee ihe n'ememe na ịchịkwa ụmụaka ọ malitere ịmalite na-akwadoghị site na 1969. A na-ele LSD anya na ụjọ sacramental, ma jiri ya mee ihe n'ememe nnabata “Ị gafere.” A na-ejikwa anwansi anwansi, a kpọkwara ya "mana dị nsọ" (Johnston and Jones 2016).

Ezinụlọ malitere inweta ihe onwunwe na Dandenong Ranges, ebe mara mma na ogige ntụrụndụ nke dị gburugburu kilomita iri atọ na ise n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke obodo Melbourne. Njirimara ndị a gụnyere ụlọ Anne na Winberra na Ferny Creek, bụ nke a na-ewu Santiniketan ("Abode of Peace") Lodge (nke bụ Ezinụlọ Ezinụlọ, na Ferny Creek). E nwekwara Kai Lama (nke a na-ezo aka na ya dị ka Uptọpụ) na Lake Eildon, bụ ebe a na-agbanye 150 kilomita n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Melbourne. Anne zụrụ ahịa na England na America, gụnyere Broom Farm, ụlọ Tudor dị na Kent. Sarah Hamilton-Byrne chịkọtara ihe onwunwe Anne dị ka ndị a:

Na-ekpe ikpe site na ezigbo ala ọ nwere na ụwa dum ana m eche na ọ bara uru ma ọ dịkarịa ala nde dollar 150. Alaka Broom, ya na ụlọ obibi ya atọ na 40 hectare ma ọ bụ ala ubi, ga-efu ọtụtụ nde dollar naanị. O nwere ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu ụlọ English. E nwere otu na Crowborough na, echere m, na Redhill. Ya na ụlọ ọrụ ya, Fafette na Audette, nwere ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụlọ iri na abụọ na Ferny Creek na ụlọ ọzọ dị na Olinda. Ya na Bill nwere, ma ọ bụ nwere afọ ole na ole gara aga, nnukwu ụlọ dị na Traralgon. Na United States, nnukwu ihe onwunwe na Ugwu Catskill n'èzí New York nwere ụlọ atọ na ya. Ma n'ezie, e nwere Uptọọpụ, hectare 2.5 nke ala mmiri n'akụkụ ebe a na-ewu ewu nke Lake Eildon (Hamilton-Byrne 1995: 107).

Ezinụlọ ahụ nọ na mgbasaozi mgbe niile mgbe 1987 wakporo, otu ndị uweojii na onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ, bụ Marie Mohr, na-ebute ụzọ n'ịchọta Anne na Bill Hamilton-Byrne wee kpọghachite ha n'Australia iji chee ihu n'ihu ụlọikpe. Otu onye otu onye nlekọta ndị agadi, Lex de Man, bụ onye otu Squad nke Drug nyere, otu onye nke otu n'ime ndị ọrụ ise, nyere aka na Family (Johnston na Jones 2016: 85).

ỤLỌDỤ / EKWERE

Echiche ụfọdụ nke okpukpe Eastern Eastern gụnyere ụfọdụ echiche Ndị Kraịst na "Ọgbọ Ọhụrụ" ụzọ iji mepụta ihe mbụ e dere. Ọ na-adọrọ mmasị na ọ kwasaghị echiche ya na akwụkwọ dị ka Barry Long (1926-2003), ma eleghị anya onye nkụzi Australia nke a ma ama na ọdịnala India, na oge Anne, bụ Tempest 2017. Utu ke oro, enye ama ọdọhọ ediwak mme anditiene eke spirit ete ke mme anditiene enye ama okot uyo, gụnyere Paramahansa Yogananda, Muktananda, ye Paul Brunton, nwa akwukwo neo-Hindu nke Ramana Maharshi na onye edemede nke Ụzọ Nzuzo: Usoro nke Nchọpụta Onwe Onye nke Mmụọ maka Ụwa Oge A (1934). Peter Kibby, bụ ọkàiwu bụ isi nke Family, chetara Anne na-agụrụ ya site n'aka Joseph Leeming Yoga na Bible (1963). Mgbe Anne zutere Raynor Johnson na 1962, ọ gwara ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ ya na-agụ GI Gurdjieff (c. 1866-1949), onye Gris na Armenian onye nkụzi ime mmụọ, ikekwe site PD Ouspensky's Na Chọọ nke Ọrụ Ebube (1949) na Gurdjieff Ụdị Beelzebub nye nwa nwa ya (1950). Ozizi nke Anne kụziri bụ ihe atụ: dịka Kraist nke afọ a dị ka nwanyị, o gosipụtara iji gwa ndị mmadụ banyere njedebe nke njedebe nke ụwa (Polcyn na Richardson 2017b). Otú ọ dị, o chepụtala atụmatụ dị mgbagwoju anya iji jide n'aka na ụmụazụ ya ga-alanarị mbibi ahụ na-abịanụ. Magazin bụ Raynor Johnson, nke a na-ebipụtaghị n'akwụkwọ, na-akpọ "Na-ata Ụmụntakịrị Aka Ịbịakwute M," kwuru, sị:

E weere ya dị ka otu nzukọ, ya na enyemaka na inye onyinye, ọ na-atụ egwu na ya, ma e mere atụmatụ na ọ maara na ọ dị ukwuu na ọrụ dị ukwuu nke ọrụ ya ... Ọ bụ naanị Nna-ukwu ukwu, dịka n'ụlọ na ụwa a na na-esote, nwere ike ịtụ anya na-ebu ya. Ọ bụ maka nke a ... otu ìgwè ụmụ, ụfọdụ amụrụla ebe a, ụfọdụ ndị a ga-amụ, na-ezukọta, na-akwado ma na-azụ ma zụọ ha site na mmalite nke ndụ ha dị ka ọnọdụ zuru okè dị ka a pụrụ inye. Eji nlezianya lekọta ahụike ha na atụle ihe gbasara ọdịmma ha na agụmakwụkwọ ha. Tupu ha abịa, Nna-ukwu mara ma mgbe na ebe na ihe ndị nne na nna ha na-abịa na àgwà ndị ha nwere ike iwere ha na ndụ ndị gara aga ... Ọ dị mma ikwu na ọdịnihu ga-ahụ ha, amaghi na ha dị, dị ka ndị nlekọta na ndị na-aga n'ihu na ọrụ ahụ Nna-ukwu ha setịpụrụ na ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ụwa (nke e hotara na Johnston na Jones 2016: 29).

Ihe edere amaokwu a bụ akụkụ kachasị ama nke Ezinụlọ, nke a na-agaghị ewere Anne Hamilton-Byrne na ndị iro dị otú ahụ taa. Site na 1969, Anne nwetara na mụọ ụmụ iri na anọ, bi na Uptu na ụmụaka ndị ọzọ a mụrụ n'ime Ezinụlọ, ma Anne adaghị ya. Ndị nne na nna na-azụlite ha na ọchịchị siri ike nke yoga, ntụgharị uche, ọmụmụ ihe ime mmụọ, na nri anaghị eri anụ, nke a na-eme ihe ike, na-etinye ọgwụ na ọgwụ na-akwadoghị, na agụụ na-agwụ. A gwara ụmụ akụkọ Sarah Sarah Hamilton-Byrne bipụtara otu akwụkwọ, nke aha ya bụ akwụkwọ Ezinụlọ (nke gosipụtara ntinye aka Anne na nzuzo), na- Ihe a na-adịghị ahụ anya, ndị a na-anụghị, amaghị: Ndụ M na Ezinụlọ Anne Hamilton-Byrne (1995). \

Mgbe Sarah hapụrụ Upt na 1987 site n'enyemaka nke ndị enyi ya zutere na ịgba egwú ịgba egwú (Cathy, Helen na nne ha Erica), ọ gara ndị uweojii. Mgbe ọ nụsịrị akụkọ ya, a na-awakpo Upt na ụmụaka ejidere ya. Afọ atọ ka e mesịrị na 1990, Lex de Man jidere ọkàiwu Ezinụlọ Family Peter Kibby maka iji aghụghọ meepụta nkwupụta iwu, wee jụọ Kibby site na Operation Forest maka ọnwa anọ (Johnston na Jones 2016: 134-35). O kpugheere usoro nke Anne mere ka ụmụaka nweta aha ya, nke gụnyere imejọ akụkọ nna, na-achịkwa ụmụ ọhụrụ n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị site n'aka ụmụ nwanyị na-alụbeghị di na ndị ọrịa na-agwọ ọrịa uche, na ụdị ejiji nke Anne na-eme ime na-eyikwasị uwe ogologo oge n'ogologo oge gara aga ka ọ na-amụ nwa (nke a nabatara dị ka ọ dị obere karịa ya). Ụmụaka, bụ ndị a na-esekarị na ya, uwe ochie, na ihe yiri nke ọma bụ ihe a na-ahụ anya nke ìgwè ahụ, [Foto dị n'aka nri] dịka foto nke Anne na akwa na akwa mma, na-adọrọ adọrọ na ọmarịcha ntutu isi ya (Cusack 2016: 259). Ihe ụmụaka na-eme na Kai Lama, nke Sarah Hamilton-Byrne kọwara, bụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị maka nkwenkwe na omume nke Family. Ọ dị mkpa ka ị mara, na ọ dị, ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ dịghị nchọpụta ụlọ akwụkwọ gbasara Family na isi ihe ndị a na-agbanyeghị akaebe ndị ọzọ, na-ebipụta akụkọ mgbasa ozi, pọdkastị weebụ, na akwụkwọ nke odeakụkọ Chris Johnston na filmmaker dere Rosie Jones na 2016. A na - ezute okwu gbasara "òtù ndị okenye," ndị ndú na - agba chaa chaa, njikwa, mmegbu na mpụ na njikọ nke Anne Hamilton-Byrne na Family. E boro ya na Anne na-azụ ụmụ "maka ịdị ọcha agbụrụ na ịdị mma nke ngwaahịa" (Mikul 1999: 49).

Sarah kọwara ihe na-adịghị mma, nke na-emeghị ememme na Uptọọpụ nke malitere na 6 AM. Ụmụ ha na-ehi ụra ha, ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị na-agbakwa ụbọchị ọzọ. E nwere otu hour nke Hatha yoga, nkeji iri na ise na-ege ntị n'okwu ụka Anne ma ọ bụ ozizi Swami Muktananda, nkeji iri na ise nke mantra chanting, minit iri na ise nke ntụgharị uche, na nkeji iri na ise iji guzobe ụlọ akwụkwọ. Nri ụtụtụ bụ awa abụọ mgbe ha biliri, ọ bụ nanị mkpụrụ. Mgbe nri ụtụtụ na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ atọ na obere mkpirikpi oge ọkara, mgbe ahụ otu elekere nke ntụgharị uche ma ọ bụ na-egwu spaceball (egwuregwu nke Anne na-agwụ ike), na obere nri ehihie na akwụkwọ nri. N'ihe na-esote atọ na ọkara gụnyere oge nkuzi, obere ezumike, na ịkwado ụlọ akwụkwọ. Site na 5 PM gaa na 9 PM ụmụ ahụ tụgharịrị uche, rie "nri onye anaghị eri anụ," gụọ akụkụ Akwụkwọ Nsọ, ma mee ihe omume ụlọ akwụkwọ ha tupu ha lakpuo ụra (Hamilton-Byrne 1995: 20-21). Sera bụ onye mbụ na-adọrọ uche gaa n'usoro oriri na-edozi ahụ nke e doro ụmụaka. Jessie Meikle ekwuola na ihe ọ na-ekwu bụ "enweghị ihe ọhụụ" bụ usoro nke ịchịkwa "ụfọdụ ideological", n'ihi na ọ na-eme ka ndị òtù na-adịghị ike (Meikle 2005: 44). Sarah kwuru na,

Ịtụ egwu bụ azụmahịa dị oke njọ - nke kachasị njọ maka anyị n'ihi na ọ bụrụ na e weere ya na anyị na-etinye oké ibu, anyị ga-egbutu nri anyị na-eri ma nke ahụ bụ ihe dị egwu, nri bụ ihe kachasị mkpa ná ndụ anyị. Anyị ụmụ agbọghọ na-ele akpịrịkpa na ịkpọasị. Ha mere ka ndụ anyị jọgburu onwe ya njọ. Ụfọdụ n'ime ụmụ agbọghọ ahụ ga-anwa ịmalite ịme agbọ na-atụ ụtụtụ ka ha wee nwee ike iyi ihe ọkụkụ (Hamilton-Byrne 1995: 22).

Meikle na-ekwu na Anne (nwatakịrị a na-akpọ "Puddy" bụ onye na-agba ume n'agbanyeghị usoro nkwupụta ụbụrụ dịka onye toro eto) gosipụtara àgwà onwe ya na-ezighị ezi n'elu ụmụ agbọghọ, bụ ndị na-esitekarị n'erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ, rie nri anụ, nnụnụ na ahịhịa , iji mee ka agụụ gụgbuo ha. Ndụ a gbanwere na Upt na-eme ka otu ìgwè nke ụmụaka na-agụ agụụ na ndị na-achọsi ike mgbe niile; Ihe ndekọ nke Sarah kwadoro akaụntụ nke Anouree, nwa Ezinụlọ ọzọ (Marshall 2017: 73). Mgbe a na - ejide nwata nwata ahụ, nke Sarah kpọrọ "Cassandra" (onye iri na otu na oge ahụ ma rịọ maka aha Johnston na Jones), "ọ bụ nanị 20 kilogram ka ọ nọ n'okpuru 120 centimeters ... 'ọ dị ka anọ ma ọ bụ ise onye agadi 'na-ekwu Sera "(Johnston na Jones 2016: 105). Nwatakịrị nwanyị ahụ toro iri na otu centimeters na afọ mbụ nke nnwere onwe, mana ọ na-echeta ihe banyere nsogbu nwata ya.

RITUALS / PRACTICES

Ndụ ememe nke Ezinụlọ dị mgbagwoju anya, a na-ejikwa ya rụọ ọrụ n'ụzọ dịgasị iche iche maka ndị otu ahọpụtara n'ime nzukọ. Ihe owuwu nke Santiniketan Lodge na Ferny Creek nyere ihe nkiri maka Anne iji gosipụta ya nchịkọta dị iche iche nke ntụrụndụ na charisma. Ọ bụ ezie na ya na Bill nọkarị na United Kingdom ma ọ bụ na America, a na-enwe nzukọ ugboro abụọ kwa izu. Ọ bụrụ na Anne anọghị, ndị kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi gere ntị n'okwu ya nke e dekọrọ na teepu. Carmel Bird, onye akụkọ akụkọ banyere Family na-akọ banyere Petra Penfold Knight na Dr Irving Clay, ndị guzobere "Hill House Brethren," òtù okpukpe nke na-apụnara ụmụaka ma na-eyi ha akwa uhie, na-enye Petra mara mma, na-etinye n'ime uwe na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, na-abanye n'ime ụlọ jupụtara na ndị na-etinye aka na aka nke Handel's "The Arrival of the Queen of Sheba" (Bird 1998: 223). Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na Anne kwadoro uwe na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, ọ dịkwa umeala n'obi, ọ chọghịkwa ka a hụ ya mgbe ọ bụla. O gosipụtara nke a banyere ụmụ agbọghọ nọ na Uptọpụ, bụ ndị e mere ka ha nwee ntụpọ ma na-enwe mmekọahụ gbasara usoro nkịtị dịka ogo na nsọ nsọ (Johnston na Jones 2016: 49). Anne gara nzukọ nke Family na Santiniketan Lodge na egwu "Largo" nke Handel, ma kesaa foto nke onwe ya maka ndị otu òtù na-asọpụrụ n'ụlọ ha.

Ndị na-eso ụzọ Anne Hamilton-Byrne rubere ya isi. O siri ike ịghọta otú nke a si mee, mana njikwa ọ na-achịkwa ndị òtù ya gụnyere itisa alụmdi na nwunye dị ugbu a na inye iwu ka mmekọrịta ọhụrụ dị. E kwenyere na Anne nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ ebube. Ná mmalite nke mmekọrịta ya na Raynor Johnson, Anne gosipụtara ike ya site na ebubo ịgwọ nwa ya nwanyị Judith (emesịa Natasha), bụ onye nọ n'ihe mberede ụgbọ ala ma chọpụta na okpokoro agbaji na anya mebiri emebi (Johnston na Jones 2016: 20) ). Raynor Johnson kwenyere na enyemaka mmụọ nke Anne gosipụtara, nke mere ka Judith pụọ n'ụlọ ọgwụ tupu oge atụ anya ma gbakee site na mmerụ ahụ ya. Mmekọrịta mbụ nke Anne kewara bụ n'etiti Trish Macfarlane na Don Webb, bụ ndị na-enwe ihe isi ike mgbe nwa ha nwoke bụ Adrian nwụsịrị na 1967. Anne nyere iwu ka Don banye na Liz Whitaker (onye ga-ekewapụ na di ya Howard), mgbe ahụ Trish na John Mackay weghaara. Johnston na Jones kwuru na Anne nyekwara iwu ịwa ahụ ịchọ mma maka ụmụ nwanyị na-eso ụzọ ya na "ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ na-efe ofufe malitere iyi wigs na-acha odo odo, dịka Anne mere" (Johnston na Jones 2016: 41). Mmekọrịta ndị a rụpụtara na-arụ ọrụ anaghị enwekarị ihe ịga nke ọma, mana ha nwere mmetụta nke ijikọta ndị mmadụ na Anne.

Enwere ike iji uru nke hallucinogens mee ihe site n'aka ndị òtù ezinụlọ dị ka akụkụ nke ndụ nke ndị otu. O yiri ka site na mbido ụmụ mbụ Anne asaa na 1963, ọ na-enye ọgwụ ndị na-edozi ahụ na ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ. Ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịmata ma Anne onwe ya ejirila ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe, ma o yikarị ka ọ na-achịkwa mgbe nile, na onye ahụ na-etinye ego na-achịkwa ya mere ka ọ ghara ijide ha. Raynor Johnson dere akụkọ dị ogologo banyere mmalite ya, bụ nke ọ na - eji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe ma zute Anne dị ka Kraịst, nke nọ n'ọnọdụ kachasị elu:

Anne kpebisiri ike ibili n'omume nke elu-igwe mara nke ndi Masters na ndi nwere uche Chineke dika "Samadhi" ... ihu ya, n'anya mmadu, nke mara nma ma kwuo okwu site n'ikike na ikike nke Chineke dika onye puru iche na Kraist game ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-ekwu okwu na onye mbụ na onye ọ bụla nọ n'ebe ahụ. N'ileghari anya na nwayo ... O siri, "I mara onye mu onwem bu? Mụ na Nna m bụ otu. M udo m na-ahapụ gị. Ị ga - abụ m ụkwụ, unu niile ... O kwuru na ọ gaghị enwe ọzọ nleta dịka Jizọs, mana ịmara na Ọ bụ Ya, "Onye Nna-ukwu nke Onwe Ya" (Johnston na Jones 2017: 25-26 ).

Site n'ụbọchị ahụ na Raynor na-ewerekarị psilocybin ma ọ bụ LSD na ọnụnọ Anne na ikpere ikpere dị ka ụkwụ ya, darshan (nlele nke chi) n'oge "oge nsọ" a. Anne gwara ya na ụwa ga-agwụ na 1983, nakwa na ọnọdụ ya na ozi ya agaghị eme ka ọ pụta ìhè, n'ihi na "ikike nke ihe ọjọọ na-achọ mgbe niile iji mebie ọrụ. Atụmatụ maka ya bụ ịrụ ọrụ a na-adịghị ahụ anya, na-anụghị na amaghi "(Johnston na Jones 2017: 26).

Ahụmahụ Sarah Hamilton-Byrne banyere mmalite nke "na-agafe", bụ nke ọ mụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na anọ, dị nnọọ obere karịa nke Johnson. Na 1984, o nwetara ọtụtụ traumas, gụnyere: aha ya na-agbanwe site na Andrée ka Sarah; a gbanwere mba ya site na Australia gaa New Zealander; ịghọ ụmụ nwoke atọ na Family (tụlere n'okpuru ebe a); na njem na England maka ememe "na-agafe" (Hamilton-Byrne 1995: 139). Ọ kọwara nkwadebe maka mbido a: ịgụ Yoga na Bible; ụbọchị ụra efu; iri nri nri ụtụtụ ma na-asa ya site na Anne; na-etinye ya n'ihe ndina ma jiri ọgwụ LSD na ọgwụ ọzọ amaghị. Sera maara na ya kwesịrị ịghọta Anne dị ka Kraist na akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ihe omume nke "ememe", ma ọ bụ nanị egwu egwu. Mgbe ihe dị ka elekere iri abụọ na anọ gasịrị, Anne nyere ya LSD ọzọ, Sarah, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, enweghị ike icheta oge ọ nọ na-aṅụ ọgwụ ọjọọ. Ọ na-ekwu na:

Anne biara n'otu ugboro ma ọ bụ ugboro abụọ, ma zipụkwa ndị ozi ka ha kwuo na m ga-akwadebe maka ahụmahụ ime mmụọ na na m ga-echegharị banyere ịchọ ọdịmma onwe onye na ọchịchọ m na-agụ agụụ ka a raa m n'ike ... N'ikpeazụ, Anne bịara ọzọ, ma mee ka m gbanwee bọọlụ, ka m wee nwee ike idozi nwa ọhụrụ ... O nyere m ụfọdụ LSD ma gwa m ka m nọgide na-arụ ọrụ, na m ga-enwetakwu ihe ọmụma nke onwe m tupu ogologo oge ... Ọgwụ ahụ mere ka ọ sie ike ịkọ ihe dị adị na ihe a ga-eme. Amaghị m ihe mere mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị. Echetara m na ọnụ ụzọ meghere ma dọkịta bịara ... Ọ nọdụrụ n'elu ihe ndina ahụ. O kwuru na m bu onye ojoo ... achoro m na achoro m n'ike n'ike. Amaghị m ihe o bu n'uche site na nke a ... Ọ gwara m na ọ ga-enye m ọrụ "iji jikọta aka gị ka ị ghara inwe ike ịmụta ụmụ" nakwa na agaghị m achọ ịtụgharị uche banyere mmekọahụ ọzọ n'ihi M ga-arịa ọrịa ma ọ bụrụ na m mere ... O nwere mma. Echere m na ọ na-egbu m. Echetara m iti mkpu. Echere m na m chere na mma dị n'ime m. N'ịcha ọbara ọbara nke mgbu m nụrụ mkpọtụ Anne. Ọ nọ n'ime ụlọ na-ekiri, na-agba ya ọsọ na. Echere m na m nuru ka ọ na-eti, "Ikekwe nke ahụ ga-akụziri gị, gị akwụna, ị na-ada. Anyị ga-enye gị ihe ị chọrọ. "M gafere (Hamilton-Byrne 1995: 144-45).

O doro anya na Sara abughi ihe mgbaru ọsọ ma ọ bụ onye na-adịghị ahụ anya maka ememe "na-agafe," ma ndị ọzọ lanarịrị, gụnyere Anouree Treena-Byrne (onye nne ya na LSD na Newhaven mesoro ya na emesị gbuo onwe ya) na Ben Shenton, Ndụ dị n'azụ waya ahụ ga-ebipụta na 2018, kwadoro akaụntụ ya dịka eziokwu (McKenzie 2017; Marshall 2017). Treena-Byrne na Shenton dị ugbu a n'etiti ndị okenye, ha so n'ime ndị "na-aga nke ọma" nke ndị lanarịrịnụ nke Ezinụlọ, ma ha abanyela na ndụ ọhụrụ. Marie Mohr, onye nta akụkọ nke nyochaworo Family, bụ ezigbo enyi Sarah, bụ onye biri na ya ruo oge ụfọdụ. Sarah, onye gụrụ akwụkwọ nkà mmụta ọgwụ ma na-eme dịka onye dọkịta, ụmụaka ndị ọzọ masịrị ya dịka onye ndu, na emesị bụrụ onye na-akwado ya, ma nwata ahụ na-eme mkpesa na-akpata ọtụtụ mgbalị igbu onwe ya. Na 2008, otu n'ime mgbalị ndị a mere ka e bepụ ya ụkwụ ya. Ọ nwụrụ na 2016 na ihe kpatara ọnwụ adịghị egosi. Ọ bụ Buddhist na-eme ka olili ozu ya bụ Mohr, Lex de Man na onye ọrụ ibe ya Peter Spence, Anouree, Ben (onye pastọ ndị Kraịst), na Leeanne, ezigbo ndị enyi ya n'etiti ụmụ Family. Michael Stevenson-Helmer, bụ onye nọgidere na-eguzosi ike n'ihe nye Anne, bịara mee ka olili ozu ahụ kwụsị, na-ebo Sera ebubo na ọ bụ onye ụgha ma na-akpọsa Chi nke Anne maka oge ikpeazụ (Johnston na Jones 2016: 262-63).

Ememe ememe nke ndi mmadu enweghi oke n'echiche bu na o bu isi na-aguta akwukwo Neo-Hindu, na-echegharia ma na-eme yoga, ihe osise di iche iche nke Anne na agburu obi ha, na ige nti okwu "Anne" nke mmadu ma obu na akwukwo edere na Santiniketan Nọrọ. Mmalite ma ọ bụ "ịbanye" bụ ahụmahụ kachasị njọ nke ndị òtù ezinụlọ nwere, ọ na-enyekwa ha aka kee Anne. Nwepụta hallucinogens bụ omume nke ndị òtù na-enwe mgbe nile, ọhụụ ha natara bụ ihe àmà nke eziokwu nke nkuzi Anne.

NKWUKWU / LEADERSHIP

Ezinụlọ Anne Hamilton-Byrne na-elekọta ezinụlọ ya, ya na ndị agadi nọ na ya bụ John Baptist, Raynor Johnson, onye ọkachamara na-agwọ ọrịa uche, Howard Whitaker, na onyeisi ọka iwu nke Family, Peter Kibby. O siri ike ịhụ n'ụzọ doro anya usoro ọ bụla nke ikike nke na-eduga n'ịghọtawanye usoro ahụ. Di di Di Anne bu ihe gbasara otutu ndi n'echere na ya bu nna ha. Otú ọ dị, ndị òtù ahụ doro anya na ọmarịcha mma ejiji ejiji, enweghi ezi ike, Anouree Treena-Byrne agawokwa na-akpọ ya "onye ọzọ" nke Anne (Marshall 2017: 74). O yiri ka na 1960s Family ọ bụghị dị ka onye aka ike ma ọ bụ nke siri ike ka ọ mesịrị ghọọ, ọ bụkwa nanị na 1969 ka Anne na-eme atụmatụ iji nweta a kpugheere ụmụaka. Ndụ nke ụmụaka nọ na Kai Lama na-achịkwa ihe mgbochi ihe oriri na mkparị akwụkwọ, ndị a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu. Na 1984, [Foto dị n'aka nri] Ezinụlọ nwere aha na Kai Lama dị ka ụlọ akwụkwọ, Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Aquinel na 1984 ma kụziere ụmụ ha ka ha gaa nleta kwa afọ, ka ha wee nwee ike ịkụziri ndị ezinụlọ ezinụlọ Helen na Leon Dawes na ada n'okpuru radar (Hamilton-Byrne 1995: 97). Ndị òtù ezinụlọ ahụ gbanwere ihe ka ukwuu n'ime ego ha na Anne, nke na-akọwa ihe mere o ji baa ọgaranya mgbe òtù ahụ enweghi ihe karịrị mmadụ ole na ole (Mikul 1999: 49).

Anne tinyere aka na nduhie dị mgbagwoju anya, dịka ịgbanwe aha na ụbọchị ọmụmụ nke ụmụaka na ndị ezinụlọ ndị ọzọ. N'ihi ya, a maara Beryl Hubble, nwa nwanyị nke ọdụdụ Raynor Johnson, aha ya bụ Christine Fleming, wee gbanwee aha ya ka ọ bụrụ Anne Hamilton-Byrne iji nwee ike iji wayo bịanye aka n'akwụkwọ dị ka Anne. Sarah dere na:

Ikekwe ịkọwa ihe mere anyị niile ji dị obere ma ọ bụ na nwata, Anne mepụtara ìgwè nke atọ na ejima, bụ nke a ga-agbanwe mgbe ọ bụla o ruru ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, m bụ "otu" ruo mgbe m dị ihe gbasara 7, mgbe ahụ, o kpebiri na m bụ twin Stivin. Mụ na Stivin nọ nso n'oge a. A mụrụ ya na ndị isi kpuru ìsì ma nwee ụdị autism nke pụtara na ọ mụtaghị ikwu okwu ruo mgbe oge dị anya ... Echere m na ọ bụ n'ihi na m meere ya enyi ... Anne kpebiri na a ga - akpọ anyị ejima ruo nwa oge. Nke a dị ihe dịka otu afọ ma ọ bụ abụọ, mgbe ahụ o kpebiri na m bụ "otu" ọzọ. N'ikpeazụ, mgbe m bụ 14, mụ na Luke na Timothy (Hamilton-Byrne 1995: 10) na-akpọ m atọ.

A sịrị Sarah na "ụmụnne" ya atọ na-amụ na Auckland, New Zealand. Akụkụ Akwụkwọ Nsọ a gosipụtara ike Anne na ihe gbasara eziokwu, yana ikike ya ịgbanwe ihe dị n'eziokwu. Ọ kụziri otu eziokwu nke na-enweghị mmetụta dịka ndụ nke ụmụazụ ya. O kwuru na obi ọjọọ bụ mmehie: "Ọ bụrụ na onye ọ bụla nwere ike obi ọjọọ, ha ka mma ịrịọ Chineke Pụrụ Ime Ihe Niile ka ha were ya ugbu a. Ekwela ka anyị merụọ ahụ ma ọ bụ mee ka anyị nwee nhụjuanya n'ụzọ ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ọkwa ọ bụla ... ọnwụ dị mma "(Johnston na Jones 2017: 45).

Ma enwere ihe omuma atu nke agwa Anne na ndu nime Family nke kwesiri ilebara ya anya. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara ekwuola na nkịta na nwamba dị Anne n'anya karịsịa. E nwere oke nkịta na nkịta dị iche iche Anne, na ọbụna ọnụ ọgụgụ buru oke ibu nke nwamba. Sarah Hamilton-Byrne na-akọwa ọnwụ nke nkịta a kpọrọ Jọshụa n'ụzọ na-esonụ, nke gosipụtara nkwenye nke Anne na nlọghachi azụ maka ụmụ anụmanụ nakwa maka ụmụ mmadụ:

A kpọgara ya na ụlọ Anne ma ruo ụbọchị atọ anyị ga-anọdụ ala n'akụkụ ya, na-ekpe ekpere n'akụkụ nkịta nwụrụ, na-esi ísì ụtọ na "Largo" nke Handel na-egwuri egwu n'azụ. Ọ bụ n'agbata okpomọkụ na mgbe ụbọchị ole na ole Jọshụa malitere ịmị. N'ụtụtụ, n'ụbọchị nke anọ, anyị liri ya n'ogige, ememe nke kwesịrị ikwe ka mkpụrụ obi ya gaa n'ihu na-adịkwu mfe. Emere ememe a na umu anumanu nile ndi nwuru Uptum [sic] (Hamilton-Byrne 1995: 83).

Mmasị a nwere ụmụ anụmanụ, ọkachasị nwamba na nkịta, gosipụtara mmasị Anne nwere n'okpukpe ndị Ọwụwa Anyanwụ ma gosipụta mgbanwe nke Santiniketan Park Association (otu ụlọ ọrụ iwu kwadoro mgbe Anne na Bill bi na steeti New York mgbe Ọrụ Ohia wakporo na 1987) n'ime Otu ọdịmma anụmanụ Life for All Creatures, nke dị na Crowther House (otu n'ime ebe obibi mbụ Anne) wee debanye aha ndị ezinụlọ Tim Mackay na David Munroe (ma jikọọ na mbụ na Helen McCoy) (Johnston na Jones 2016: 244- 45).

ISSUES / CHALLENGES

Ngosipụta nke Family na mgbasa ozi na-amalite na 1980 mgbe obere nwa agbọghọ aha ya bụ Kim Halm, dị afọ iri, agakwaghị efu. Nne ya bụ Patricia Halm bụ onye òtù ezinụlọ ahụ na nna ya Hans Halm gara ndị uweojii iji weghachite nwa ya. Ikpe ahụ gara n'ụlọikpe, mmadụ abụọ n'ime ụmụazụ Anne, ọkàiwu bụ Peter Kibby na dọkịta Christabel Wallace, gbara àmà megide Hans Halm. Onyeikpe ahụ kpebiri na ha azaghị ajụjụ n'eziokwu, nyekwa Patricia Halm iwu ka ọ laghachi Kim, na-enye akwụkwọ ikike maka njide ya. Johnston na Jones kwuru na "otu izu ka e mesịrị, na September 1983, nne na nwa nwanyị nọ na Auckland, New Zealand; ha na-eji aha ndị bụ Jeannette Berger na Jeannette De Haven na-eji motel dịka adreesị ịkpọtụrụ "(Johnston na Jones 2016: 56). Kim Halm dọọrọ nne ya aka, ya mere, ikpe ahụ agbaghaghị ajụjụ banyere Family. N'afọ sochirinụ, 1984, dị mkpa n'ihi na agbanwere ụkpụrụ iwu doro anya nke Victorian iji nye ụmụaka nwere ụmụaka ohere inweta akwụkwọ ndekọ. Mgbe 1987 wakporo Upt, a na-enye onye ọrụ a na-ewebata ọrụ aha ya bụ Bryan Cussen ọrụ nke ịchọta nne na nna mụrụ ya. Marie Mohr nyeere ya aka, na-agba ọsọ na tebụl na-arịọ ndị inyom Victoria ka ha kọọrọ ha akụkọ, mgbe ahụ, onye isi obodo ahụ, John Cain, nyere iwu ka a jụọ ajụjụ gbasara usoro ịgba akwụkwọ (Johnston na Jones 2016: 74-77).

Ọrụ Forest nọgidere na-enyocha ezinụlọ ahụ ma na-agba ndị mmadụ abụọ aka na mmejọ ọgwụ ọjọọ mgbe a chọchara "kilogram abụọ nke wii wii" n'otu ụlọ nke ndị otu (Johnston na Jones 2016: 144). Ebe ọ bụ na 1970 dịka mgbe Howard Whitaker hapụrụ Ezinụlọ ahụ, ndị dị ogologo na ndị dị mkpa ahapụwo. Nke a dịwanye njọ mgbe 1987 na-agbakasị, mgbe oge na-aga, Anne na Bill nọ na-ekpe ikpe, a na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ, na-enweghị obere ma ọ bụ na o nweghị ike ịbụ ndị ọhụrụ. Peter Kibby, Barbara Kibby, Trish Macfarlane, na ndị ọzọ nyere Lex de Man na ndị otu ya ozi niile ha chọrọ. Anne na Bill Hamilton-Byrne si na United States si na United States pụta mgbe ndị FBI nwụsịrị na Hurleyville, New York, na June 4, 1993, ma jidere ha. Johnston na Jones na-ekwu na mmadụ iri ise n'ime ndị ezinụlọ ahụ zutere Santiniketan Lodge iji kwurịta otú e si edozi nsogbu ahụ. Ndị ọchịchị Amerịka hapụrụ Hamilton-Byrnes na mgbapụta, Lex de Man wee gaa United States iji duru ha gaa n'ụlọ. E mere ikpe ahụ na November 1993, nkwenye ndị e dekọrọ bụ maka ntakịrị mmejọ, onye ọ bụla kwụrụ ụgwọ $ 5,000 (Johnston na Jones 2016: 233).

Anne pụtara na mgbasa ozi ugboro ole na ole, ma kwupụta ebubo ndị a megidere ya. Ọ gwara Ranald Macdonald, onye na-agba ajụjụ ABC, na ọ bụghị onye nkụzi okpukpe, na ọ dịtụbeghị eji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe, na ọ kụziiri yoga ma rụọ ọrụ na Newhaven, nakwa na ọ bịarutere ịhazi ndokwa nke "ìgwè ndị nwere nkwarụ ụmụaka "(Johnston na Jones 2016: 236). Umu umuaka wesoro ya iwe site na nlekota oru nke ya na Bill natara (nke bu eziokwu na ulo ikpe Melbourne enweghi ike ikwu ebubo ndi no n'okpuru ikike nke New Zealand), obu ezie na ufodu adigide ikwesi ntukwasi obi. Bill Hamilton-Byrne nwụrụ na 2001, site na 2004 Anne nọ n'ụlọ ndị nọọsụ, ebe a chọpụtara na ọ bụ nkwarụ.

Na 2017, ihe ịma aka kachasị mma bụ Family Family bụ Anne Hamilton-Byrne dị afọ iri itoolu na isii ma na-ata ahụhụ site na nkwarụ. Ndị otu ahụ ejiriwo obi ha niile na-elekọta ya, gụnyere Michael Stevenson-Helmer, nwa nwa nwanne Sir Zelman Cowen (1919-2011), onye bụbu Gọvanọ Ukwu nke Australia. Stevenson-Helmer kwuru na Anne nọ na ncheta Kraịst ma nwee ike; ọ jụrụ nyocha ahụike nke nkwarụ. Ọ gwara Johnston na Jones:

Ndị na-eche na ọ na-eweda ya ala amaghị ebe ọ si ... Ha na-abata mgbe ụfọdụ, mgbe ha na-ede akwụkwọ na-enye ha ohere, na Anne achọghị ka ha nọ n'ebe ahụ maọbụ na ọ chọghị ịgwa ha okwu, maọbụ ọ na-abanye n'ime ya ụwa dị n'ime ụwa ebe ọ na-adịghị ekwurịta okwu. Ha chere na ọ bụ nkwarụ ma ọ bụghị. Ọ bụ akụkụ ọzọ. Enweghị m ike ịghọta onye ụfọdụ chọrọ ịtụgharị ya na ihe ọjọọ (Johnston na Jones 2016: 245-46).

Site na ntọhapụ nke akwụkwọ Chris Johnston na Rosie Jones na akwụkwọ na Family na njedebe nke 2016, ụmụaka nke otu (karịsịa Anouree, Ben na Leeanne) apụtawo n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, gụnyere akwụkwọ akụkọ na magazin Australia, na mbipụta ụwa. N'ụzọ dị oke ọnụ, isiokwu ndị a na-ekwughachi otu ihe ọmụma ahụ ma tinye obere ihe a maara banyere Ezinụlọ (lee Connaughton 2017; Marshall 2017; Johnston 2017; McKenzie 2017). Anne Hamilton-Byrne dị ọtụtụ afọ tupu ọ nwụọ na 2019 enweghị ike ịkọrọ ụmụ ya kwadoro, ndị na-ebo ya ebubo, na ọha mmadụ ihe ọ bụla banyere nzube, ebumnobi ma ọ bụ nkwenkwe ya (Cowie na Hope 2019). Ntọhapụ nke akwụkwọ Ben Shenton ga-agbakwunye akwụkwọ ndị bụ isi na Family, mana usoro ọgwụgwọ nke ọrụ a na-adọrọ adọrọ ka a ga-eme.

Foto
Image #1: Foto nke Anne Hamilton-Byrne.
Image #2: Foto nke Ụmụ Ezinụlọ.
Image #3: Foto nke Kai Lama.

References

Nnụnụ, Carmel. 1998. Uhie uhie. Milsons Point: Random House Australia.

Connaughton, Maddison. 2017. "Ileba Anya N'etiti Australia Mot Motoro Anya, Ezinụlọ." Vice, September 26. Nweta site na https://www.vice.com/en_au/article/d757dy/a-look-inside-australias-most-notorious-cult-the-family na 21 December 2017.

Cowie, Tom na Zach Hope. 2019. “Anne Hamilton-Byrne, onye isi otu ama ama ama ama ama ama agwu The Family, gbara afọ 97.” Afọ, June 14. Nweta site na https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/anne-hamilton-byrne-leader-of-notorious-cult-the-family-dies-at-97-20190614-p51xs7.html na 15 June 2019.

Cusack, Carole M. 2016. 'Okpukpe Cultic nke dị n'Australia: Okpukpe ndị na-efe ofufe na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Kamel Bird.' 253-68 na Mkpụrụ Obi Na-enweghị Atụ: Ebube na Ebube na-asọpụrụ Barry Spurr, nke Catherine A. Runcie dere. Sydney: Edwin H. Lowe Publishing.

Hamilton-Byrne, Sarah. 1995. Ihe a na-adịghị ahụ anya, ndị a na-anụghị, amaghị: ndụ m n'ime ezinụlọ Anne Hamilton-Byrne. Ringwood: Penguin Australia.

Johnston, Chris. 2017. "Ezinụlọ Ezinụlọ." Sydney Morning Herald, February 9. Nweta site na http://www.smh.com.au/interactive/2017/family-ties/ na 20 December 2017.

Johnston, Chris na Rosie Jones. 2016. Ezinụlọ. Melbourne na London: Dee akwụkwọ.

Jones, Rosie. 2017. Ezinụlọ. Melbourne: Akwụkwọ Australia.

Marshall, Debi. 2017. "Nwa nke Cult." Ụmụ nwanyị Australian Women Weekly. February, 70-74.

McKenzie, Elizabeth. 2017. "Ben Shenton, Onye Nzọpụta nke Ọgbọ Ndị Ezinụlọ." ABC Ballarat, July 23. Nweta site na http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2013/07/23/3809241.htm na 21 December 2017.

Meikle, Jessie. 2005. "Anorexia a na-atụghị anya ya: Ụkpụrụ nke Mgbochi Ndị Nri n'Ihe Dị Iche Iche anọ." Ọmụmụ ihe gbasara ọdịmma ụmụ mmadụ 4: 41-61. Nweta site na http://www.icsahome.com/articles/imposed-anorexia-a-model-of-dietary-restriction-in-four-ideological-groups na 20 December 2017).

Mikul, Chris. 1999. Iyi ọha egwu: Ndụ dị iche iche, Ndị Cults, Celebrated Lunacy. Manchester, UK.

Parnaby, Owen. 2007. "Johnson, Raynor Carey (1901-1987)." Akwụkwọ akụkọ Australian nke Biography, Mpịakọta 17. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. Nweta site na http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/johnson-raynor-carey-12700 na 20 December 2017.

Polcyn, Greg na Vanessa Richardson. 2017a. E7 "Ezinụlọ" - Anne Hamilton Byrne Nkebi 1. Ultstù nzuzo: Society & Culture. Nweta site na https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/parcast/cults/e/51966284 na 20 December 2017.

Polcyn, Greg na Vanessa Richardson. 2017b. E8 "Ezinụlọ" - Anne Hamilton Byrne Nkebi 2. Ultstù nzuzo: Society & Culture. Nweta site na https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/cults/e/52049275?autoplay=true na 20 December 2017.

Akara, Sarah. 2017. "Ezinụlọ." Ka anyị kwurịta banyere òtù, September 16. Nweta site na http://www.ltaspod.com/1 na 20 December 2017.

Oké ifufe, Clive. 2004. "Long, Barry (1926-2003)." Obituaries Australia. Canberra: National Center of Biography, Australian National University. Nweta site na http://oa.anu.edu.au/obituary/long-barry-17273/text29057 na 20 December 2017.

Ụbọchị Post:
3 January 2017