Krishna West

KRISHNA WEST TIMELINE

1948: Hridayananda Das Goswami (Howard J. Resnick) yug hauv Los Angeles, California.

1969: Hridayananda Das Goswami ntsib Swami Prabhupada, tus tsim ntawm ISKCON.

1970: Hridayananda Das Goswami tau txais kev pib nyob rau hauv Swami Prabhupada.

1972: Hridayananda Das Goswami tau txais saṃnyāsa (tso cai renunciation) los ntawm Prabhupada.

1977: Hridayananda Das Goswami tau los ua ib pawg ntawm kaum ib tus neeg ua tiav los khiav ISKCON tom qab kev tuag ntawm Prabhupada.

1996: Hridayananda Das Goswami tau txais nws Ph.D. hauv Sanskrit & Indian Studies.

2013: Hridayananda Das Goswami tau tsim Krishna West.

2016: Krishna West Orlando qhib.

2016: Krishna West Mexico City qhib.

2017: Thawj International Krishna West Festival tau muaj nyob rau hauv São Paulo, Brazil.

2022: Krishna West Chicago qhib.

FOUNDER / GROUP KEEB KWM

Krishna West yog ib qho kev txav ntawm cov International Society rau Krishna Consciousnes (ISKCON) uas tau tsim los ntawm Hridayananda Das Goswami hauv 2013. Yug Howard J. Resnick hauv 1948 hauv Los Angeles, California. [Duab ntawm txoj cai] Hridayananda Das Goswami thawj zaug ntsib tus tsim ntawm ISKCON, AC Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, xyoo 1969 thaum nws yog ib tug tub kawm ntawv qib siab hauv University of California, Berkeley. Thaum ntsib Swami Prabhupada, Hridayananda Das Goswami qhov kev nkag mus rau hauv ISKCON lub zog tau nrawm: nyob rau hauv ib xyoos ntawm lawv lub rooj sib tham, nws tau koom nrog ISKCON ua tus neeg ua haujlwm puv sijhawm hauv lub tuam tsev thiab tau pib ua haujlwm los ntawm Prabhupada nws tus kheej. Tsuas yog ob xyoos tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1972, Hridayananda Das Goswami tau txais saṃnyāsa los ntawm Prabhupada. Nyob rau hauv ISKCON, saṃnyāsa yog ib qho kev txiav txim ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv uas ib tug yuav siv sij hawm ib tug formal thiab lub neej cog lus ntawm celibacy thiab ib tug renunciation ntawm tsev neeg thiab lub neej nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav siv sij hawm ib tug tag nrho lub sij hawm thiab kev rau siab ntso qhuab qhia.

Xyoo 1977, thaum Swami Prabhupada tas sim neej, Hridayananda Das Goswami tau los ua ib tug ntawm kaum ib tug txiv neej coj cov thwj tim ntawm nws tus kheej thiab pab coj ISKCON txav mus rau yav tom ntej. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm xyoo 1977 thiab 2013, Hridayananda Das Goswami tau koom nrog ntau txoj haujlwm rau siab ntseeg hauv ISKCON nrog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm ISKCON Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Lub Cev (GBC), pib thiab coj nws tus kheej cov thwjtim, sau ntawv thiab txhais ntau yam ntawv thiab kev cog lus, thiab siv nws lub sijhawm. taug kev thiab tshaj tawm kom nthuav dav ISKCON kev txav mus thoob ntiaj teb raws li nws ntseeg tias yog Swami Prabhupada qhov kev xav tau.

Thaum pib, Hridayananda Das Goswami xav tias nws (thiab lwm tus ISKCON gurus zoo li nws) tau ua tiav hauv lawv txoj kev siv zog ua kom tiav Swami Prabhupada lub hom phiaj thiab lub hom phiaj. Txawm li cas los xij, pib xyoo 1990, Hridayananda Das Goswami pib xav tias cov noob tsis txaus siab rau lub xeev ntawm ISKCON cov xwm txheej. Tshwj xeeb, nws tau txhawj xeeb txog qhov tseeb tias thaum ISKCON tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm cov neeg hauv zej zog Indian (tshwj xeeb yog cov neeg uas muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog, lossis kev paub txog Hinduism), qhov kev tawm tsam tau tawm tsam kom nyiam (thiab khaws) cov tswv cuab los ntawm lwm pawg neeg pej xeem. Qhov xwm txheej ntawm pej xeem no, sau los ntawm E. Burke Rochford, Jr. raws li "Hinduization of ISKCON," (Rochford 2007) txhawj xeeb Hridayananda Das Goswami vim nws ntseeg tias Prabhupada lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog rau ISKCON los ua lub ntiaj teb kev txav mus los: ib qho nrog cov thwjtim ntawm ntau haiv neeg, haiv neeg, thiab haiv neeg keeb kwm (Karapanagiotis 2021). Hridayananda Das Goswami ntseeg tias vim ISKCON tsis yog thoob ntiaj teb hauv nws lub hauv paus, nws ua tsis tiav.

Nyob rau hauv kev teb rau qhov tsis ua tiav qhov kev xav no, Hridayananda Das Goswami tsim Krishna West, ib qho kev txav ntawm ISKCON, hauv 2013. Lub hom phiaj ntawm Krishna West yog los rub cov neeg los ntawm sab nraum lub zej zog Indian mus rau ISKCON los ntawm kev rov ua dua thiab hloov kho lub zog (tsawg kawg qhov chaw nyob hauv. nws) nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas yuav txaus siab rau lawv (Karapanagiotis 2021). Lub npe "West" hauv Krishna West yog hais txog ob qho tib si rau cov pej xeem pawg uas Hridayananda Das Goswami xav kom nyiam hauv kev tsim cov kev hloov tshiab no nrog rau cov qauv uas ISKCON yuav rov ua dua tshiab txhawm rau nyiam lawv. Rau Hridayananda Das Goswami, nrog rau cov nyob hauv ISKCON cov voj voog dav dav, lo lus "westerner" yog siv los xa mus rau leej twg tsis yog Indian cuab yeej cuab tam thiab "sab hnub poob" yog siv los piav txog thaj chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab nraud ntawm Indian subcontinent. Cov ntsiab lus no thiab lawv cov kev siv nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si Krishna West thiab ISKCON muaj cov hauv paus hauv kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm thiab hauv kev hloov pauv hloov pauv uas tau tshwm sim los teb rau nws (Karapanagiotis 2021). Txawm hais tias yog ob qho teeb meem thiab tsis meej, lawv tau siv yam tsis muaj kev thuam hauv Krishna West thiab nyob rau hauv qhov dav ISKCON txav. Hauv kev tsim Krishna West raws li kev txav mus los rau "cov neeg sab hnub poob," Hridayananda Das Goswami rov ntim cov kev coj ua, daim ntawv, kev nthuav qhia, thiab qhov chaw ntawm ISKCON hauv kev cia siab ntawm kev kos duab "westerners" rau kev txav (Karapanagiotis 2021).

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias Hridayananda Das Goswami tsis yog tib ISKCON guru uas tab tom rov hais dua ISKCON kev txav mus los txhawm rau nyiam "cov neeg sab hnub poob." Qhov tseeb, nws yog ib qho kev sib tw nrov thiab loj hlob thoob plaws ISKCON, tau coj los ntawm ntau tus ISKCON gurus thiab lwm tus neeg txhawb nqa hauv Tebchaws Meskas, Is Nrias teb, thiab lwm qhov (Karapanagiotis 2018; Karapanagiotis 2021). Hridayananda Das Goswami's Krishna West txawv ntawm kev siv zog ntawm lwm tus ISKCON gurus, txawm li cas los xij. Thaum lwm tus kws qhia ntawv rov hais dua ISKCON (tsim yoga studios, kev xav lounges, thiab lwm yam) txhawm rau kom nyiam "cov neeg sab hnub poob," lawv lub hom phiaj kawg los ntawm cov kev siv dag zog no yog thaum kawg rub lawv mus rau hauv lub ntsiab lus. ISKCON kev txav chaw (Karapanagiotis 2021). Rau nws feem, txawm li cas los xij, Hridayananda Das Goswami tsis ntseeg tias "cov neeg sab hnub poob" yuav raug rub mus rau (lossis xav nyob hauv) lub ntsiab ISKCON lub zog. Hloov chaw, Hridayananda Das Goswami's Krishna West tau tsim los ua tus neeg sawv cev dawb.kev txav ntawm ISKCON: "kev txav mus los hauv ib qho kev txav los yog "kev txav sab hnub poob Hare Krishna," raws li Krishna West cov neeg txhawb nqa nyiam hais. Qhov no yog vim li cas Hridayananda Das Goswami hais txog Krishna West raws li "qhov chaw" thiab tsis yog tus choj: Krishna West yog ISKCON sub-txoj kev txhais tau tias kos rau "westerners," thiab khaws lawv nyob ntawd (Karapanagiotis 2021). [Duab ntawm txoj cai] Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, Krishna West yog ib txhij embedded nyob rau hauv, tsis tau kuj ua hauj lwm nyob ib sab ntawm, lub ISKCON zog.

DOCTRINES / TXHEEJ TXHEEM

Cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Krishna West qhia lawv tus kheej li ISKCON cov neeg mob siab rau, thiab nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau tus kheej ntawm Krishna West (thiab rau Hridayananda Das Goswami lub zeem muag rau nws) tias nws yog tus cwj pwm raws li kev txav ntawm ISKCON, es tsis yog kev txav mus los ntawm nws.

Vim Krishna West yog ib qho kev txav ntawm ISKCON, Krishna West cov kws kho mob qhia kev ntseeg thiab cov lus qhuab qhia nrog cov neeg ntseeg hauv ISKCON zog. Ib yam li lwm cov tswv cuab ISKCON, piv txwv li, Krishna West adherents ntseeg Vajtswv Krishna thiab to taub nws los ua "Tus Cwj Pwm ntawm Vajtswv," uas yog ISKCON lub gloss ntawm lub sij hawm Puroṣottama los ntawm Bhagavad Gita 15.16–15.18 dr hab. Rau ISKCON devotees, qhov no txhais tau hais tias Krishna yog "Tus Neeg Qhov Kawg," nyob rau hauv qhov uas nws yog tus zoo tshaj plaws uas muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub manifest thiab unmanifest ntiaj teb no. Nws kuj txhais tau tias hauv ISKCON tias Krishna ntseeg tias muaj ib daim ntawv, kev txais tos rau tib neeg kev sib raug zoo, thiab tus cwj pwm zoo. Xws li, Krishna West cov kws kho mob (xws li cov phooj ywg ISKCON devotees) ntseeg thiab muaj feem xyuam rau Krishna uas yog ib tug uas muaj nyob rau hauv lawv lub neej, muaj keeb kwm tag nrho ntawm mythical pastimes, thiab muaj ib daim ntawv uas yuav pom tau thiab "pom." (Bromley and Shinn, eds. 1989; Bryant and Ekstrand, eds. 2004; Burke 1985; Burke 2007; Dwyer and Cole, eds, 2007; Karapanagiotis 2021; Knott 1986; Squarcini 2004 and Fizz). Hais txog qhov kawg, cov devotees feem ntau hais txog Krishna txoj kev zoo nkauj, nws lub cev cwj pwm, yam nws hnav, thiab lwm yam raws li kev xav kom nco ntsoov thiab tsim kev sib txuas nrog nws.

Dhau li ntawm lawv txoj kev ntseeg thiab kev xav txog Krishna, Krishna West adherents kuj qhia lwm yam kev ntseeg / cov lus qhuab qhia nrog lub dav ISKCON zog. Piv txwv li, lawv ntseeg hais tias tus kheej qhov tseeb ntawm tus kheej tsis yog lub cev, tab sis yog tus ntsuj plig, thiab tus ntsuj plig yog "ib feem thiab parcel" ntawm Krishna lub ntuj los saum ntuj (Bromley thiab Shinn, eds. 1989; Bryant and Ekstrand, eds. 2004 ; Burke 1985; Burke 2007; Dwyer and Cole, eds. 2007; Karapanagiotis 2021; Knott 1986; Squarcini and Fizzotti 2004). Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv ntseeg tias dhau los ntawm kev nco txog thiab kev mob siab rau Krishna, lawv tuaj yeem ua tiav lub xeev ntawm kev ywj pheej uas lawv yuav koom nrog lub tuam txhab nyob mus ib txhis ntawm Krishna thiab ua neej nyob nrog kev sib raug zoo nrog nws nyob mus ib txhis. Thaum kawg, Krishna West cov kws kho mob kuj koom nrog cov phooj ywg ISKCON cov neeg ntseeg kev ntseeg txog lub hwj chim thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hu nkauj Krishna cov npe (Delmonico, 2007) thiab noj thiab faib nws cov zaub mov dawb huv (King 2012; Zeller 2012). Txog rau yav dhau los, hauv Krishna West, zoo li hauv nws lub koom haum niam txiv ISKCON, cov npe ntawm Krishna (tshwj xeeb yog Hare Krishna mahā mantra) ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm cov kws kho mob. Kev hais lus theologically, cov npe ntawm Krishna tau ntseeg tias yog tib yam li Krishna nws tus kheej (Delmonico 2007; Dimock 1999; Haberman 2003; Hein 1994; Prabhupada 1968; Prabhupada 1973, 1974). Raws li xws li, devotees ntseeg hais tias uttering lawv nrov (los yog txawm nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej lub siab) muab tus devotee nyob rau hauv ncaj qha xub ntiag ntawm Krishna. Vim li no, devotees kuj nyiam hu nkauj mahā mantra nyob rau hauv pej xeem, ntseeg hais tias cov nyhuv ntawm cov npe yuav raug coj mus rau tag nrho cov uas hnov ​​lawv. (Haddon 2013; Karapanagiotis 2019; Prabhupada, 1973). Krishna West practitioners (thiab ISKCON devotees loj) muaj ib tug zoo xws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ntseeg hais txog prasādam, los yog cov khoom noj dawb huv uas noj tom qab tau thawj zaug muab rau Krishna (Vajntxwv 2012; Zeller 2012). Ib yam li Krishna cov npe sib koom hauv Krishna lub ntsiab lus, yog li prasādam ntseeg tias yuav tsum tau ua nrog Krishna txoj kev tshav ntuj. Vim li no, devotees ntseeg hais tias noj prasādam hloov eaters lub siab. Vim li no, cov neeg ntseeg hauv Krishna West (thiab hauv ISKCON ntau dua) siv zog noj prasādam tsis tu ncua thiab tseem muab faib rau lwm tus kom Krishna txoj kev tshav ntuj tuaj yeem coj mus deb thiab dav (King 2012; Zeller 2012).

Rituals / kev xyaum

Txawm hais tias Krishna West yog ib qho kev txav ntawm ISKCON, sib koom kev ntseeg thiab cov lus qhuab qhia nrog nws lub koom haum niam txiv, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev uas Krishna West txawv ntawm ISKCON. Cov kev sib txawv no feem ntau nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm rituals thiab kev coj ua. Qhov no tsis yog hais tias Krishna West muaj cov kev coj ua ntxiv uas tsis tau qhia los ntawm qhov dav ISKCON, txawm li cas los xij. Hloov chaw, kev coj ua hauv Krishna West txawv ntawm cov kev sib txawv ntawm ISKCON vim tias Krishna West cov neeg koom nrog sim "syphon tawm" cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm ISKCON (cov uas lawv pom tias yog qhov tseem ceeb) thiab coj lawv raws li lawv xav tias yuav rov hais dua. rau "westerners." Cov txheej txheem no tau piav qhia hauv lub luag haujlwm thiab lub zeem muag ntawm Krishna West:

peb hu rau qhov project Krishna West vim tias peb ua txhua yam ua tau kom bhakti-yoga yooj yim, cuam tshuam thiab txaus siab rau cov neeg sab hnub poob, yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, diluting, lossis txo qis qhov purity thiab lub zog ntawm kev coj noj coj ua zoo kawg nkaus. Peb ua qhov no los ntawm kev muab cov kev qhia tseem ceeb ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab kev coj ua tag nrho, yam tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov kws kho mob los puag ib haiv neeg tshiab uas tsis tseem ceeb rau sab hnub tuaj hnav khaub ncaws, zaub mov, suab paj nruag thiab lwm yam. Cov neeg nyob rau sab hnub poob xav tau thiab tsim nyog tau txais lub sijhawm los xyaum tiag. bhakti-yoga nyob rau hauv ib qho kev coj noj coj ua sab nraud uas nyiam thiab ntuj tsim rau lawv. (Krishna West Website nd).

Peb qhia txog kev coj ua ntawm bhakti-yoga, uas tsis yog pawg ntseeg, kev xyiv fab ntawm sab ntsuj plig kev tshawb fawb uas muab kev nkag mus tau thiab cuam tshuam rau sab ntsuj plig kev paub thiab kev loj hlob rau tus kws tshaj lij. Lub zej zog bhakti-yoga yog li lub hom phiaj los pab txhawb kev ua pa ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb, ib txwm ua rau kev sib raug zoo, kev lag luam, kev nom kev tswv, thiab kev ncaj ncees ib puag ncig. (Krishna West Website nd).

Raws li tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia txog lub hom phiaj thiab lub zeem muag no, Krishna West cov neeg txhawb nqa ntseeg tias muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ISKCON uas muaj nyob thiab tuaj yeem sib cais thiab ua raws li kev sib nrauj los ntawm ib cheeb tsam, kab lis kev cai, los yog haiv neeg hnav khaub ncaws los yog accoutrements. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus no, lawv ntseeg, tuaj yeem rov muab pov rau hauv kab lis kev cai hnav khaub ncaws uas yooj yim rau cov neeg tuaj saib ("westerners" nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm Krishna West) (Karapanagiotis 2021).

Hridayananda Das Goswami thiab lwm tus Krishna West proponents thuam qhov tseeb tias ISKCON kev ntseeg kev ntseeg yog hauv paus rau Indian Hindu kab lis kev cai "kev hnav khaub ncaws," hais txog qhov no yog vim li cas ISKCON tau ua tiav zoo ntawm kev nyiam cov zej zog Indian, tab sis tsis yog nyiam "cov neeg sab hnub poob" (Karapanagiotis 2021). Piv txwv li, Hridayananda Das Goswami tham txog qhov tseeb tias cov neeg ntseeg tau pib hauv ISKCON coj cov npe ntawm Sanskrit, thiab siv cov lus "sab hauv" tag nrho ntawm Sanskrit cov ntsiab lus thiab cov lus siv. Nws kuj tau sau tseg tias cov neeg ntseeg feem ntau hnav khaub ncaws sab hnub tuaj Asia ntawm cov tuam tsev thiab lwm yam xwm txheej ISKCON, noj prasādam uas yuav luag ib txwm muaj Indian cuisine, thiab ntaus suab paj nruag ntawm Indian instruments (thiab hu nkauj hauv Indian liturgical lus). Yog tias "qhov tseem ceeb" ntawm ISKCON tuaj yeem nthuav tawm rau "cov neeg sab hnub poob" hauv hom thiab kev coj noj coj ua uas nyiam thiab paub txog lawv, Krishna West cov neeg tawm tsam sib cav, "cov neeg sab hnub poob" yuav mob siab rau koom nrog kev txav. Cov kab ke thiab kev coj ua hauv Krishna West, yog li ntawd, yog tsim los nrog lub hom phiaj hauv siab.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm Krishna West ntawm kev xyaum ISKCON yam tsis muaj Indian Hindu kab lis kev cai "tapping," yog thawj zaug thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw uas Krishna West ntsib. [Duab ntawm txoj cai] Tsis zoo li ntau ISKCON cov kev pab cuam, cov kev pab cuam Krishna West tsis tshwm sim hauv cov tuam tsev, lossis hauv qhov chaw uas zoo li cov tuam tsev. Hloov chaw, Krishna West cov kev pab cuam muaj nyob rau hauv cov tsev xauj tsev, xauj yoga studios (los yog cov chaw sib ntsib nrog lawv), hauv cov chaw ua si, taug kev, cov vaj sab nraum zoov, thiab / lossis hauv cov devotees 'tsev.

Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Krishna West qhov chaw yog tias lawv tsis muaj lub thaj lossis ritually ntsia deities (mūrtis) uas pom muaj nyob hauv ISKCON cov tuam tsev. Ib yam li ntawd, Krishna West kev coj ua tsis koom nrog kev pe hawm Vajtswv (murti pūjā) kev coj ua hauv ISKCON cov tuam tsev.

Ntxiv rau kev xyaum hauv qhov chaw uas tau ua kom txaus siab rau "cov neeg sab hnub poob," Krishna West cov neeg txhawb nqa kuj tau cog lus tias yuav tso cai rau cov kws kho mob hnav khaub ncaws uas nyiam tshaj plaws rau lawv. Khaub ncaws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm Krishna West thiab nws lub koom haum niam txiv ISKCON. Nyob rau hauv Krishna West, devotees tsis hnav South Asian devotional khaub ncaws. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tsis yog hnav ISKCON cov khaub ncaws hnav ntawm dhotīs (ntev loin ntaub), kurtās (ntev, xoob tunics), sares, thiab lwm yam, Krishna West cov kws kho mob hnav ris tsho, khawm-down tsho, hnav ris tsho, tiab, ris tsho, sweaters, thiab lwm yam.

Hais txog cov qauv ntawm kev coj ua thiab cov kev pab cuam, Krishna West qhia ntau yam zoo sib xws rau ISKCON zog. Piv txwv li, ntau lub chaw Krishna West, muaj cov rooj sib tham txhua lub lim tiam thiab kev sib sau ua ke. Cov kev sib sau no - uas txawv ntawm tus kheej thiab kev hloov hauv online - feem ntau pib nrog kev hu nkauj lossis hu nkauj ntawm Hare Krishna mas mantra. Qhov tseem ceeb, raws li Krishna West paradigm, kev hu nkauj / hu nkauj tsis yog (tsuas yog) nrog cov cuab yeej Indian lossis tus qauv ISKCON harmonium, mṛdaṅga nruas, thiab lwm yam. Tiam sis, nws feem ntau nrog cov cuab yeej "western" xws li guitars, pianos, violins, keyboards, thiab lwm yam. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv Krishna West, lub mahā mantra yog teem rau "sab hnub poob" suab paj nruag, nrog rau cov suab paj nruag western classical. Qee zaum, cov devotees tau muaj tswv yim nrog cov suab paj nruag, teeb tsa mahā mantra rau cov suab paj nruag nrov pob zeb xws li Pink Floyd, Eagles, thiab lwm yam.

Nyob rau hauv feem ntau Krishna West programming, kev sib tham ntawm tus Bhagavad-Gītā ua raws li lub chanting ntawm lub mantra. Qhov kev sib tham no feem ntau yog coj los ntawm ib tus neeg, tab sis yog lwm yam kev sib tham nrog kev sib tham uas xaus nrog Q & A. Qhov tseem ceeb, vim tias kev cai dab qhuas ntawm mūrti pūjā (kev pe hawm Vajtswv) tsis tuaj ntawm Krishna West Centers, cov kev pab cuam hauv Krishna West muaj ntau dua. text-centered dua nyob rau hauv mainline ISKCON. Tom qab lub Gita kev sib tham, qhov kev pab cuam xaus thiab cov neeg tuaj koom sib sau ua ke noj mov ntawm prasādam. Nyob rau hauv ib yam raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Krishna West, pluas mov tsis yog tus qauv ISKCON Indian neeg tsis noj nqaij fare. Hloov chaw, nws yog cov zaub mov tsis noj nqaij uas yog "western-leaning," thiab feem ntau suav nrog cov tais diav xws li pasta, zaub xam lav, kua zaub, thiab pizza. Qhov tseem ceeb, cov zaub mov hauv Krishna West cov chaw sib tw nrog cov nqi hauv zos ntawm cov zej zog uas nws tau ua raws: piv txwv li, yog lub chaw Krishna West nyob hauv Chile, cov neeg tsis noj nqaij Chilean zaub mov yuav tau txais kev pab tom qab. Gita sib tham.

Ntxiv rau cov kev pabcuam txhua lub limtiam, muaj ntau yam kev pabcuam hauv Krishna West. Cov kev pab cuam no txawv ntawm qhov chaw, tab sis koom nrog cov rooj sib tham los tham txog Swami Prabhupada thiab Hridayananda Das Goswami cov phau ntawv, kev sib sau los hu nkauj thiab hu nkauj Hare Krishna mahā mantra, nrog rau kev sib sau ua ke uas muaj kev sib raug zoo (mus taug kev, sib koom hauv prasādam, thiab lwm yam. ). Ntxiv rau cov kev coj ua hauv pab pawg, cov neeg ntseeg hauv Krishna West tswj hwm tus kheej cov kev coj ua uas yog tus qauv hauv ISKCON: chanting jāpa (rounds of the mahā mantra chanted silently or softly to oneself using a mālā, los yog beaded rosary) thiab ua raws li ISKCON plaub txoj cai tswjfwm (tsis muaj nqaij, ntses, qe, kev twv txiaj, kev lom zem, lossis kev sib deev tsis raug cai) (Bromley thiab Shinn, eds. 1989; Bryant and Ekstrand, eds. 2004; Burke 1985, 2007; Dwyer thiab Cole, eds. 2007; Karapanagiotis 2021; Knott 1986; Squarcini thiab Fizzotti 2004). Krishna West devotees kuj sim tshaj tawm cov lus qhia ntawm Prabhupada thiab ISKCON los ntawm kev tsim ntau thiab ntxiv Krishna West cov kev pab cuam thiab faib Prabhupada thiab Hridayananda Das Goswami phau ntawv. Cov phau ntawv no suav nrog Swami Prabhupada's Bhagavad-Gītā As It Is (Prabhupada 1986), Hridayananda Das Goswami's Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Bhagavad-Gītā Nrog Kev Txhais Lus (Goswami, 2015), thiab Hridayananda Das Goswami's Quest for Justice: Xaiv Tales nrog Niaj hnub nimno Illuminations los ntawm Mahabharata (Goswami 2017), ntawm lwm tus.

ORGANIZATION / LEADERSHIP

Krishna West yog ib qho kev txav ntawm ISKCON; zoo li no, nws tau nyob hauv cov qauv kev tso cai ntawm ISKCON Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees (GBC). Hridayananda Das Goswami, tus tsim ntawm Krishna West, tau hais ntau zaus tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau Swami Prabhupada tias ISKCON tsis tau faib ua ntau pawg nrog rau tag nrho cov kev coj noj coj ua sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, Krishna West tseem nyob hauv qab lub kaus ntawm ISKCON thiab GBC, txawm tias kev tswj hwm nws yuav yooj yim dua yog tias nws yog lwm yam.

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias Krishna West yog nyob rau hauv lub kaus ntawm ISKCON, vim hais tias nws yog ib tug sub-tsav, nws kuj muaj nws tus kheej cov thawj coj thiab lub koom haum. Tus thawj coj ntawm Krishna West yog Hridayananda Das Goswami. Ua hauj lwm nrog Hridayananda Das Goswami, yog ib pab pawg ntawm kwv yees li tsib caug tus neeg, nrog rau lub luag haujlwm xws li "tus thawj coj ntawm txoj haujlwm," "tus tswv cuab hauv pawg sab laj," "tus neeg sib tham," "tus thawj tswj hwm," thiab "tus neeg koom tes," los qhia ob peb tug. (Krishna West Lub Vev Xaib thiab "Ntawm Pab Pawg"). Txawm hais tias qhov kev teeb tsa no, Krishna West kev coj noj coj ua tsis siv lub hauv paus los yog sab saum toj-down. Hloov chaw, Krishna West lub koom haum cov txheej txheem yog decentralized thiab diffuse, thiab nws tej yaam num thiab chaw yog puas-evolved.

Muaj Krishna West cov chaw thiab cov haujlwm thoob plaws ntiaj teb, suav nrog hauv Mexico, Brazil, Tebchaws Meskas, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, United Kingdom, Chile, Argentina, thiab Ltalis, rau npe rau ob peb tug. Txhua lub chaw hauv cov chaw no txawv thiab muaj nws tus kheej tsim thiab tswj kev ua haujlwm, nrog rau nws tus kheej kev tswj hwm, thiab cov neeg mob siab rau. Lub koom haum cov qauv ntawm Krishna West yog qhov nkag siab zoo tshaj plaws raws li cov pab pawg dav ntawm ISKCON cov neeg ntseeg (feem ntau yog Hridayananda Das Goswami cov thwj tim) uas tau ua hauj lwm los pib thiab khiav Krishna West satellite chaw zov me nyuam thiab cov kev pab cuam hauv lawv cheeb tsam, txhua qhov chaw lawv tshwm sim. ua. Qhov no qiv cov qauv tsim muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub koom haum thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Krishna West vim tias nws txhais tau hais tias Krishna West loj hlob thiab nthuav dav raws li cov txuj ci, peev xwm, lub sijhawm, qhov chaw, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thwj tim lawv tus kheej. Nws kuj txhais tau hais tias txhua qhov chaw Krishna West yog qhov sib txawv: tsis yog tsuas yog muaj qhov sib txawv thiab muaj peev xwm nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov thwj tim, tab sis kuj muaj cov txheej txheem sib txawv thiab kev ua haujlwm sib txawv nyob ntawm cov thwj tim uas khiav nws.

Ob peb lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Krishna West yog qhov tseem ceeb. Ua ntej, qhov sib txawv Krishna West cov chaw thiab cov haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb yog nyob rau theem sib txawv ntawm txoj kev loj hlob: thaum qee qhov muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua, lwm tus tsis ua. Ntxiv mus, vim hais tias feem ntau Krishna West Center yog khiav los ntawm tsuas yog ob peb devotees uas ua hauj lwm pab dawb, lub xeev ntawm cov chaw no feem ntau nyob rau hauv flux. Piv txwv li, yog tias tus neeg ntseeg txav mus los, ua haujlwm tshiab lossis, zoo li thaum Covid 19, muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov xwm txheej hauv zej zog, xws li lub chaw yuav raug kaw lossis nyob twj ywm ib ntus. Yog li ntawd, thaum muaj ntau lub chaw Krishna West tau teev npe nyob rau hauv pab pawg lub vev xaib raug cai, ntau tus tsis tau ua haujlwm lossis tsis ua haujlwm (Krishna West Website nd "Projects"). Krishna West Centers muaj zog tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv South America: tshwj xeeb, hauv Chile, Brazil, thiab Argentina. Krishna West Chicago thiab Krishna West Orlando (ob leeg hauv Tebchaws Meskas) kuj muaj cov kev kawm tiav.

Thaum kawg, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias lo lus "center," thaum saib lub koom haum ntawm Krishna West, yog xoob. Qhov no yog ob qho laj thawj. Ua ntej, tsis yog txhua tus (lossis feem ntau) Krishna West cov chaw muaj lawv tus kheej tsim, qhov chaw dawb-sawv: ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, feem ntau ntawm Krishna West cov kev pab cuam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus rotating hauv tsev xauj, yoga studios, thiab / los yog devotee tsev. Qhov thib ob, lo lus "center" feem ntau yog lub kaus mom siv los piav txog ib pawg ntawm Krishna West cov kev pabcuam thiab cov haujlwm sib txawv, txhua tus khiav los ntawm cov thwj tim sib txawv, uas tau muab rau hauv tib lub nroog thiab uas muaj kev sib koom ua ke, tab sis tsis zoo ib yam. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg, txawm li cas los xij, txawm hais tias txhua tus Krishna West "chaw" yog qhov sib txawv thiab tsis sib xws, cov thwj tim uas khiav ntau lub chaw thiab cov kev pab cuam txawm li cas los xij tau koom ua ke tsis tu ncua rau kev sib tham los tham txog kev nce qib ntawm lawv qhov chaw, sib tham txog qhov yuav mus zoo. , thiab sib sau tswv yim txog kev txhim kho. Hridayananda Das Goswami nws tus kheej kuj tau ntsib nrog cov thawj coj hauv nruab nrab thiab qhov project thiab mus ntsib ntau lub chaw Krishna West ntau zaus.

TEEB MEEM / CHALLENGES

Txawm hais tias nws nyuam qhuav tsim nyob rau xyoo 2013, Krishna West cov neeg txhawb nqa tau ntsib ntau qhov kev sib tw, feem ntau yog los ntawm cov neeg ntseeg hauv kev dav ISKCON thiab kuj ISKCON's GBC. Cov kev cov nyom no feem ntau yog nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm Krishna West txoj kev ntseeg, kev coj ua, thiab lub koom haum tus kheej nrog kev hwm rau qhov dav ISKCON. Qee qhov kev sib tw no tau ua rau GBC tshaj tawm kev tshaj tawm ib ntus tuav ntawm Hridayananda Das Goswami (piv txwv li, xyoo 2014 thaum GBC txwv tsis pub nws mus rau Tebchaws Europe mus tshaj tawm Krishna West) (Karapanagiotis 2021). Txawm li cas los xij, Krishna West yeej tsis raug ntiab tawm lossis raug tshem tawm los ntawm ISKCON los ntawm GBC. Tam sim no, Krishna West tau tsim ib qho chaw nyob kaj siab lug nyob rau hauv lub kaus ISKCON, nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv, thiab kuj ua hauj lwm nyob ib sab ntawm, lub dav dav.

Qhov kev sib tw nquag tshaj plaws txog Krishna West hauv ISKCON tau ua nrog cov kev hloov pauv uas Hridayananda Das Goswami tau tsim los ntawm kev hwm rau cov neeg nyiam hnav khaub ncaws. Raws li tau tham yav dhau los, Hridayananda Das Goswami tau sib cav tias nyob rau hauv Krishna West, cov neeg ntseeg tsis hnav cov khaub ncaws sab hnub poob Asian uas feem ntau ua rau ISKCON cov neeg nyiam hnav khaub ncaws. Es tsis txhob dhotīs, kurtās, sarees, thiab lwm yam., Cov devotees hauv Krishna West hnav dab tsi Hridayananda Das Goswami hais txog "cov khaub ncaws sab hnub poob:" txhua yam xws li ris tsho, ris khaki, maxi dresses, blouses, thiab blazers.

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias Hridayananda Das Goswami tsis tau sim hloov txoj kev devotees hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv ISKCON cov chaw tseem ceeb, cov khaub ncaws hloov nws tau ua nyob rau hauv Krishna West muaj txawm li cas los tsoo ib tug sib sib zog nqus hlab ntsha nyob rau hauv lub dav ISKCON zog, thiab ntau ISKCON devotees tau coj cov no. khaub ncaws hloov los ua kev ua phem rau ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lawv (thiab ISKCON) tus kheej (Karapanagiotis 2021). Cov kev sib cav dav dav yog raws li hauv qab no: thaum Hridayananda Das Goswami sib cav tias kev hnav khaub ncaws tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau ISKCON kev ntseeg lossis kev ua neej nyob, cov neeg mob siab rau hauv kev nthuav dav sib cav tias South Asian cov khaub ncaws hnav khaub ncaws uas lawv hnav yog qhov loj ntawm kev txav los ntawm Prabhupada. . Nws kuj yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb uas lawv xyuas kom meej tias lawv tus kheej yog kev ntseeg (insofar as the clothes one wears impacts one's self-understand, state of mind, etc.). Cov khaub ncaws no, lawv ntseeg, kuj pab lawv nco txog Krishna thiab ua kom muaj kev sib cais los ntawm lub ntiaj teb mundane. Yog li ntawd, thaum Hridayananda Das Goswami tsuas yog xav khaws cia hauv Krishna West qhov nws pom tias yog "qhov tseem ceeb ntawm" ISKCON (thiab nws tsis ntseeg tias South Asian cov khaub ncaws hnav khaub ncaws haum rau cov qauv no), ISKCON devotees nyob rau hauv loj zog tsis ntseeg hais tias. cov "qhov tseem ceeb" ntawm ISKCON tuaj yeem raug kaw tawm ntawm kev txav mus los thiab / lossis ntseeg tias yog tias muaj "qhov tseem ceeb," nws suav nrog cov cwj pwm tshwj xeeb ntawm South Asian hnav ris tsho.

Hridayananda Das Goswami ua qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb hauv ISKCON (lossis dab tsi yog "nyob mus ib txhis" raws li nws hu nws) thiab qhov tsis tseem ceeb hauv ISKCON (lossis "sab nraud"). Qhov kev sib txawv no yog nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm ntau qhov backlash tawm tsam Krishna West. Hauv kev ua qhov sib txawv no, Hridayananda Das Goswami tau sib cav tias nws ua raws li Prabhupada cov lus qhia thiab sib cav tias Prabhupada nws tus kheej tsis xav tias Khaub Ncaws Khaub Ncaws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txav mus los (tsis yog, raws li Hridayananda Das Goswami, nws puas xav tias lwm yam ( xws li zaub mov Indian, suab paj nruag Indian, thiab lwm yam) yog qhov tseem ceeb). Hloov chaw, qhov tseem ceeb rau Prabhupada, nws hais tias, yog kev coj ua zoo li kev hu nkauj, noj zaub mov dawb huv, thiab nyeem ntawv, kawm los ntawm, thiab faib cov Bhagavad-Gītā. (Karapanagiotis 2021). Raws li Hridayananda Das Goswami, nws tsis muaj teeb meem rau Prabhupada seb cov kev ua ub no tau ua hauv Khab lossis "sab hnub poob" khaub ncaws; Yog hais tias devotees noj Indian los yog "western" prasādam, thiab lwm yam. Ntau tus devotees nyob rau hauv lub dav ISKCON zog, txawm li cas los xij, tsis pom zoo nrog cov qauv no, ntseeg hais tias Hridayananda Das Goswami yog "pandering rau pawg neeg," thiab yog disingenuously hloov Swami Prabhupada cov lus qhia kom. nyiam "westerners." Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, rau mainline ISKCON devotees, Hridayananda Das Goswami yog yooj yim thov hais tias qhov ntev ntawm lub ISKCON zog yog tsis tseem ceeb (los yog "tsis nyob mus ib txhis") vim hais tias nws ntseeg hais tias cov qhov ntev yuav tsis hais rau "westerners" uas nws yog. vam tias yuav nyiam qhov kev txav mus los. Tsis muaj qhov tsis sib haum xeeb no ntau dua li thaum nws los txog rau kev teeb tsa ntawm Krishna West cov chaw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, lawv qhov kev tsis pom zoo ntawm Krishna mūrtis (deities) thiab cov rituals ntawm mūrti pūjā., los yog pe hawm/ua hauj lwm rau deities. Rau ntau tus devotees nyob rau hauv lub dav ISKCON zog, qhov kev tsis tuaj no yog ib qho kev thab plaub rau ib tug cherished thiab central dimension ntawm ISKCON: yeej yog ib qho uas lawv pom tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Hridayananda Das Goswami, txawm li cas los xij, sib cav tias Prabhupada lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog kev tshaj tawm thiab nthuav tawm ISKCON kev txav mus los, sau tseg tias Prabhupada muaj cov tuam tsev tsim los txhawb lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tshaj tawm, tsis yog los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txav ntawm lawv tus kheej txoj cai. (Karapanagiotis 2021).

Txawm hais tias lawv tsis siv cov lus ntawm qhov tseem ceeb piv rau qhov tsis tseem ceeb (lossis nyob mus ib txhis piv rau sab nraud), lwm tus kws tshaj lij kuj yog tswv. ISKCON cov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv cov chaw tsis yog lub tuam tsev (xws li meditation lounges, yoga studios, thiab lwm yam) thiab feem ntau cov chaw no txhob txwm txhob txwm tsis muaj mūrtis thiab mūrti pūjā. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev pabcuam no yog cov neeg ua haujlwm los ntawm cov neeg ntseeg uas hnav dab tsi Hridayananda Das Goswami cov ntawv lo "sab hnub poob" khaub ncaws. Qhov tseem ceeb, tag nrho cov no yog ua kom txhob txwm ua kom nyiam "neeg sab hnub poob" (Karapanagiotis 2021). Cov gurus thiab lawv cov kev pab cuam, ib yam nkaus, tau txais kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv ISKCON kev txav mus los rau qhov laj thawj zoo ib yam li Hridayananda Das Goswami. Txawm li cas los xij, Krishna West tau txais kev cuam tshuam ntau dua li ua lwm tus neeg saib xyuas thiab cov haujlwm no vim Hridayananda Das Goswami tau sau tseg tias Krishna West tsis yog lub hom phiaj los ua "choj," tab sis theej, ua "qhov chaw" (Karapanagiotis 2021). Cov lus no ntawm "choj" piv rau "qhov chaw" yog hais txog qhov tseeb tias thaum lwm tus gurus uas tsim ISKCON cov kev pab cuam hauv lounges, yoga studios, thiab lwm yam. thiaj li yuav nyiam cov neeg tuaj saib "sab hnub poob" ua qhov kawg, Hridayananda Das Goswami's Krishna West yog qhov kawg ntawm nws tus kheej. Hauv lwm lo lus, thaum lwm tus gurus nthuav tawm "sab hnub poob" cuam tshuam ISKCON txhawm rau nyiam "cov neeg sab hnub poob," lawv lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog txawm li cas los xij kom coj cov "westerners" mus rau hauv lub ntsiab ISKCON lub zog thiab nws cov tuam tsev hauv zej zog. Krishna West cov neeg txhawb nqa, ntawm qhov tod tes, tsis sim kos "cov neeg sab hnub poob" mus rau hauv lub ntsiab ISKCON cov tuam tsev lossis cov tuam tsev hauv zej zog. Hloov chaw, Krishna West yog, raws li Hridayananda Das Goswami nws tus kheej sau, qhov chaw nyob hauv nws tus kheej.

Qhov kawg tab sis tsis kawg, nws yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tias Krishna West (thiab lwm yam ISKCON cov thawj coj zoo ib yam li nws) tau siv zog los kos rau hauv "sab hnub poob" cov neeg tuaj saib rau lub zog es tsis yog cov ntsiab lus nrog lub hauv paus loj (thiab loj hlob) ntawm cov neeg koom siab koom siab ntawm Indian devotees. . Qhov tseeb, kev faib tawm ntawm "sab hnub poob" piv rau Indian nws tus kheej yog qhov teeb meem vim nws yog ib qho yooj yim heev thiab teeb meem binary faib ntawm tib neeg uas tsuas yog ua rau kev txiav txim siab hauv Indian colonial moj khaum. Cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb no, txawm li cas los xij, zoo li yuav raug tsa los ntawm cov neeg sab nraud rau ISKCON kev txav, tsis yog cov neeg nyob hauv nws. Qhov no yog vim hais tias lub siab xav kom muaj lub hauv paus kev koom ua ke thoob ntiaj teb tau nquag tham los ntawm Swami Prabhupada (thiab nws cov thawj coj hauv pawg neeg ISKCON) tias nws yog ib feem ntawm ISKCON lub zog lub hauv paus ntawm tus kheej thiab lub luag haujlwm. Txoj haujlwm no tseem niaj hnub niaj hnub no thiab ua rau muaj kev tshaj tawm txoj moo zoo ntawm ISKCON kev txav mus los hauv txhua qhov chaw loj, suav nrog cov hauv Is Nrias teb.

DLAWS

Image # 1: Hridayananda Das Goswami ua si piano. Tau qhov twg los: Krishna West Website. Tau txais 9/1/23.
Duab #2: Krishna West London Sib sau ua ke. Source: Krishna West Facebook nplooj ntawv (public). Tau txais 9/1/23.
Duab #3: Krishna West Sib Sau. Source: Krishna West Facebook nplooj ntawv (public). Tau txais 9/1/23.

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