Peb cov pojniam ntawm Kev Pab Zoo

Peb tus poj niam ntawm kev pab zoo

Peb tus poj niam ntawm kev pab zoo sijhawm

1831 (Lub Ib Hlis 30): Marie Adele Joseph Brise yug hauv Dion-le-Val, Brabant, Belgium.

1855: Brise thiab nws tsev neeg tau tsiv tawm ntawm Belgium mus rau Wisconsin.

1859 (Lub Kaum Hli): Brise muaj peb lub zeem muag ntawm Virgin Mary uas nws tau hais kom qhia
cov me nyuam txog Vajtswv.

1859: Brise txiv tau ua thawj lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw pom.

1867: Thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv, St. Mary's Academy, tau ua nyob rau ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj; lub tsev kawm ntawv tau qhib rau xyoo 1869.

1871 (Lub Kaum Hli 8): Brise tau coj kev thov Vajtswv nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj thaum muaj hluav taws kub Peshtigo. Tag nrho tsib daim av ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tsis raug mob thaum thaj av ib puag ncig raug puas tsuaj.

1896 (Lub Xya Hli 5): Adele Brise tuag.

1933: Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv tau hloov kho rau hauv Tsev rau Cov Menyuam Cuam Tshuam.

1941: Lub tsev teev ntuj tam sim no tau tsim tsa.

1953: Lub Tsev rau Cov Menyuam Cuam Tshuam raug kaw thiab Pre-Novitiate High School tau tsim.

1968: Lub tsev kawm ntawv theem siab raug kaw. Cov viv ncaus Franciscan txuas ntxiv tswj hwm lub thaj neeb

1970: Lub hauv paus tau los ua Lub Tsev Thov Vajtswv.

1992-2002: Cov viv ncaus Carmelite los ntawm Grand Rapids, Michigan tau ua lub luag haujlwm rau lub thaj neeb.

2002: Lub zos diocese reassumed tswj lub thaj neeb.

2009 (Lub Ib Hlis 9): Npis Sov David Ricken tau xaiv tsa pawg thawj coj los kawm Brise qhov kev pom zoo thawj zaug.

2010 (Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 8): Lub vev xaib raug lees paub thiab yog thawj zaug uas tau lees paub los ntawm lub Koom Txoos Roman Catholic hauv Tebchaws Meskas.

FOUNDER / GROUP KEEB KWM

Marie Adele Joseph Brise yug rau Lambert thiab Marie Brise hauv Dion-le-Val, Brabant, Belgium thaum Lub Ib Hlis 30, 1831.
thiab ntau tus phooj ywg tau cog lus tias yuav koom nrog kev cai dab qhuas. Txawm li cas los xij, Brise txuas ntxiv nrog nws niam nws txiv nyob hauv tsev neeg txom nyem mus txog 1855 thaum tsev neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw rau Asmeskas. Tsev neeg tau yuav thaj av 240 daim av los txhawb nws tus kheej. Nws yog plaub xyoos tom qab, thaum Lub Kaum Hli, 1859, tsuas yog ib lub sijhawm luv luv tom qab Marian apparitions ntawm Lourdes, Brise muaj thawj peb qhov kev paub dhau los. Nws tab tom nqa nplej mus rau ib lub zeb hauv Champion, Wisconsin thaum Virgin Mary tshwm sim rau nws: “Nws pom ib tug poj niam hnav khaub ncaws dawb dazzling, nrog ib lub tsho daj nyob ib ncig ntawm nws lub duav thiab lub kaus mom hnub qub nyob ib ncig ntawm nws lub taub hau sawv ntawm ob tsob ntoo, ib qho. ib daim maple, lwm qhov yog hemlock” (Lub thaj neeb 2010). Brise pom qhov kev ntshai heev. Hnub Sunday, Lub Kaum Hli 9, qhov xwm txheej thib ob tshwm sim thaum Brise tab tom taug kev mus rau Mass hauv Bay Settlement, thaj chaw nyob sib ze, nrog ob tus khub. Tsuas yog Brise ncaj qha tau ntsib qhov tshwm sim. Thaum kawg, thaum taug kev hauv tsev los ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, Brise tau ntsib ib qho kev pom zoo nyob hauv tib qhov chaw rau peb thiab zaum kawg. Niam Mab Liab tau txheeb xyuas nws tus kheej tias yog "Tus Poj Huab Tais Saum Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej" thiab hais rau Brise tias nws yuav tsum qhia cov me nyuam ua lawv lub neej rau Vajtswv. Txij hnub ntawd los, Brise tau mob siab rau nws lub neej rau cov lus qhia ntawm txoj kev ntseeg Catholic rau cov hluas
menyuam. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau nrog ib lub tsev kawm ntawv sai sai, St. Mary's Academy, xyoo 1867 (Mann 2011). Brise tau sau ntau tus menyuam kawm ntawv los ntawm lub sijhawm no thiab pib qhia lawv ntawm Peb Tus Poj Niam ntawm Kev Pab Zoo.

Ob peb xyoos tom qab lub tsev kawm ntawv tau tsim muaj hluav taws kub hnyiab los ntawm ib puag ncig. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 8, 1871, ntau tus pej xeem thiab cov tswv av nyob ib puag ncig tau nrhiav chaw nkaum ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj los ntawm qhov uas hu ua Peshtigo hluav taws. Cov neeg no tau koom nrog Brise hauv kev taug kev ncig thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj los tiv thaiv lawv. Txog thaum sawv ntxov, cov nplaim taws tau quenched los ntawm nag thiab Peb Poj Niam ntawm Kev Pab Zoo tseem tsis tau kov. Qhov no tau suav tias yog ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb los ntawm ntau tus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav txog qhov tseeb tias thaj chaw nyob sib ze tau raug hluav taws kub hnyiab thiab ntau dua 2,000 tau pom tuag (Kasten 2010).

Tom qab Brises tuag hauv 1896, nws tau faus ze ntawm qhov chaw pom thawj zaug. Lub sijhawm ntawd txoj hmoo ntawm qhov chaw thov Vajtswv thiab tsev kawm ntawv zoo li tsis meej. Lub tsev kawm ntawv raug kev txom nyem yam tsis muaj nws nyob thiab tau dhau mus rau hauv tes ntawm Sr. Pauline LaPlante, ib tug tswv cuab qub ntawm St. Francis ntawm Holy Cross of Bay Settlement (Kasten 2010). Nws tau ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv mus kawm ntawv kom txog thaum nws tuag hauv 1926 (Mann 2011). Hauv xyoo tom ntej, lub tsev kawm ntawv tau hloov tes thiab ntsib ob peb zaug. Xyoo 1933, nws tau hloov kho dua tshiab li Lub Tsev Rau Cov Menyuam Tsis Txaus Siab, thiab tom qab ntawd xyoo 1953, Npis Sov Paul Rhode tau txiav lub tsev thiab hloov mus ua ib lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab pre-noviate rau Bay Settlement Sisters. Nyob rau xyoo 1990, nws tau los ua Lub Tsev Thov Vajtswv rau Bay Settlement Sisters mus txog rau xyoo 1990 thaum lub diocese tau txais kev tswj hwm thaj chaw. Lub diocese hloov cov cuab yeej rau hauv lub thaj neeb thiab txais tos nyob rau hauv ib pawg ntawm Carmelite Cov viv ncaus uas nrhiav tau Carmel ntawm Tswv Yexus lub npe nyob rau hauv 1992 (Kasten 2010). Kaum xyoo tom qab ntawd Carmel tau tsiv mus rau nyob deb nroog Denmark.

Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, Peb Tus Poj Niam ntawm Kev Pab Zoo tseem tseem ceeb hauv zej zog hauv zej zog, tab sis tsis tshua muaj lub teb chaws lossis thoob ntiaj teb kev saib xyuas. Cov Npis Sov ntawm Green Bay tau txhawb nqa lub thaj neeb ntawm Peb Poj Niam ntawm Kev Pab Zoo ua qhov chaw thov Vajtswv, tab sis tsis tau muaj kev lees paub lossis tshaj tawm txog qhov tshwm sim. Qhov no tau hloov pauv thaum Lub Ib Hlis 9, 2009 thaum Npis Sov David Ricken tau qhib kev tshawb nrhiav txog qhov tshwm sim. Tsawg tshaj li ob xyoos tom qab ntawd nws tau tshaj tawm tias qhov kev tshwm sim uas tau muab rau Adele Brise yog qhov tseeb tsim nyog ntawm kev ntseeg thiab pom cov yam ntxwv ntawm supernatural (Sly 2010).

DOCTRINES / TXHEEJ TXHEEM

Adele Brise yog tib lub zeem muag ntawm Our Lady of Good Help. Nws tau tshaj tawm tsis muaj lwm yam kev pom lossis pom tshwm ua ntej lossis tom qab ntawd peb ntawm qhov chaw uas yuav los ua lub npe hu ua Our Lady of Good Help. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim thib peb, uas tau tshwm sim thaum Brise tab tom rov los tsev ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj uas nws tau txais nws txoj hauj lwm ntawm sab ntsuj plig (Shrine 2010; Kasten 2010). Brise tshaj tawm tias nws nug tus lej "Vajtswv lub npe koj yog leej twg thiab koj xav tau kuv li cas?" Niam Mab Liab thiaj hais rau Brise tias nws yog Huab Tais Ntuj thiab txib Brise ua tub txib: “Kuv yog Huab Tais Ntuj uas thov Ntuj kom cov neeg txhaum hloov siab los ntseeg, thiab kuv xav kom koj ua ib yam. Koj tau txais Kev Sib Koom Tes Dawb Huv tag kis no thiab qhov ntawd zoo. Tab sis koj yuav tsum ua ntau dua. Ua ib qho kev lees paub dav dav thiab muab Kev Koom Tes rau kev hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm cov neeg txhaum. Yog lawv tsis hloov siab lees txim thiab tsis ua txhaum, kuv Leej Tub yuav tsum rau txim rau lawv.” Mary mam li muab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb ntxiv: “Cia li sau cov menyuam hauv lub tebchaws qus no thiab qhia lawv txog yam lawv yuav tsum paub txog kev cawmdim.” Thaum Brise nug seb nws yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau txoj hauj lwm no nrog kev paub me ntsis, Maivliag teb tias: “Qhia lawv cov lus qhuab qhia, yuav ua li cas rau lawv tus kheej nrog lub cim ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig, thiab yuav ua li cas mus cuag lub cim nco txog; yog qhov kuv xav kom koj ua. Mus thiab ntshai tsis muaj dab tsi. Kuv yuav pab koj.”

Cov kev cai dab qhuas ntawm Peb Poj Niam ntawm Kev Pab Zoo yog hauv paus hauv Catholic cov lus qhuab qhia. Raws li muaj ntau pawg neeg pom, lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov chaw thov Vajtswv no yog rov qab mus rau qhov uas nkag siab tias yog Vajtswv cov lus qhia. Brise tau qhia kom cov me nyuam paub hlub thiab pe hawm Vajtswv. Cov ntawd tsuas yog nws cov lus qhia xwb, thiab nws ua raws li lawv thiab nrhiav kom nthuav dav lawv kom suav nrog tag nrho cov zej zog.

Lub xaib tau los ua qhov chaw ua txuj ci tseem ceeb, thiab cov neeg ntseeg niaj hnub tuaj pehawm Vajtswv thiab thov tus nkauj xwb Mary. Ntau tus neeg uas tau mus xyuas lub vev xaib tau ua pov thawj tias lawv tau kho lawv ntawm lawv qhov mob lossis tau daws cov teeb meem uas lawv xav tias tsis tuaj yeem daws tau yav dhau los ("Marian Apparitions" 2010). Qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Peb Tus Poj Niam ntawm Kev Pab Zoo yog qhov muaj sia nyob ntawm Peshtigo hluav taws thaum Lub Kaum Hli 8, 1871. Txawm hais tias tag nrho thaj av nyob ib puag ncig ntawm qhov chaw thov Vajtswv thiab tsev kawm raug puas tsuaj hauv qhov hluav taws kub ntxhov no, thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj thiab txhua tus neeg nyob hauv. lawv tau dim tej kev puas tsuaj.

Tom qab kev lees paub qhov chaw nyob rau xyoo 2010, Npis Sov Ricken tau hais tias "Muam Adele lub neej yog ib cov lus pov thawj uas zoo tshaj plaws rau kev siv tau ntawm qhov tshwm sim" (Mann 2011). Tseeb tiag, nws yog kev mob siab rau mus ib txhis rau cov lus xa mus rau nws los ntawm Mary. Nws kuj ntseeg hauv cov kev tshwm sim no ib feem vim tias Brise yeej tsis tau sim ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig rau lawv. Nws nrhiav tsis tau kev saib xyuas lossis kev them nyiaj. Hloov chaw, nws sim ua neej raws li nws tau qhia thiab mus saum toj thiab dhau qhov kev hu ua lub luag haujlwm. Thaum kawg, qhov siv tau ntawm lub xaib tau lees paub hauv ib feem vim yog cov lus tiag. Npis Sov Ricken tau hais tias cov lus yooj yim thiab qhov tseeb hais txog lawv qhov tseeb. Cov lus qhia yog “yooj yim, tab sis hnyav heev nrog cov lus tseem ceeb ntawm Txoj Moo Zoo thiab nrog rau cov lus qhia ntawm lub Koom Txoos” (Mann 2011). Cov lus no ua ke nrog cov neeg coob coob uas tau ua pov thawj tias kho tau zoo lossis pab ntawm lub xaib ua rau muaj kev lees paub ntawm Peb Tus Poj Niam ntawm Kev Pab Zoo.

Rituals / kev xyaum

Cov neeg los ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub neej thiab thaj chaw hauv lub tebchaws tuaj sib sau ua ke ntawm Peb Tus Poj Niam ntawm Kev Pab Zoo txhua hnub los thov Vajtswv thiab pe hawm. Mass yog tuav plaub zaug ib hnub nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj rau cov neeg uas xav kom ntau tshaj li ib tug neeg xav txog ntawm qhov chaw. Cov neeg taug kev ua tim khawv rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub xaib: "'Nws zoo kawg li - nws nyob ntawm no, koj tsuas yog xav tias nws', Ms. Banda tau hais tom qab thov Vajtswv hauv lub tsev teev ntuj crypt, hais tias yuav nyob ntawm qhov chaw pom. Thaum lawv hla ib tug mlom ntawm Maivliag dawb, ib yam li Ms. Brise tau piav, Ms. Banda tau kov yeej txoj kev xav, quaj thiab khawm nws niam. Nkawd ob leeg rov mus thov Vajtswv ntxiv lawm” (Eckholm 2010). Lwm tus neeg taug kev hais tias "Muaj lub hwj chim ntau ntawm no….Koj tuaj yeem hnov Mary lub xub ntiag, thiab zoo li nws tau mloog koj" (Eckholm 2010). Feem ntau cov crutches thiab canes tau tso tseg tom qab lub thaj neeb lub crypt. Cov tswv ntawm cov khoom no cia lawv hais tias lawv tsis xav tau kev pab ntxiv lawm.

Txhua xyoo, muaj cov xwm txheej sib txawv los hwm lub xaib thiab Virgin Mary. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 8, cov neeg taug kev sib sau ua ke rov ua qhov txheej txheem ntawm thaj chaw uas tau pib thaum lub sijhawm hluav taws kub Peshtigo. Nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis, muaj ib qho kev tshwm sim sab nraum zoov txhua xyoo uas suav nrog lwm txoj kev mus rau thaj chaw chapel. Qhov kev lig kev cai no tau tsim los ntawm Norbertine Fr. Bernard Pennings hauv 1895 (Kasten 2010). Thaum kawg, ib qho kev lig kev cai uas nrov tshaj plaws yog kev ua koob tsheej txhua xyoo ntawm kev ua koob tsheej ntawm Assumption. Qhov kev tshwm sim no tshwm sim thaum Lub Yim Hli 15 thiab, txij thaum sawv ntxov mus txog rau hmo ntuj, cov tsheb tuaj yeem pom nyob rau ntawm lub thaj neeb.

ORGANIZATION / LEADERSHIP

Tsis pub dhau hnub ntawm Brise lub zeem muag kawg hauv xyoo 1859, nws txiv, Lambert Brise, tau tsim lub tsev teev ntuj me me kaum ntawm kaum ob ko taw ntawm qhov chaw pom. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau loj mus rau nees nkaum plaub los ntawm plaub caug taw hauv xyoo 1861; ib lub tsev teev ntuj thib peb ntawm kev tsim cib tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1880.

Ua raws li cov lus qhia uas nws tau txais los ntawm Maivliag xyoo 1859, Brise, thaum muaj nees nkaum yim, pib qhia txoj kev ntseeg Catholic rau tag nrho cov me nyuam uas nws ncav cuag. Ntau tus ntxhais hluas tau koom nrog nws los tsim "ib lub zej zog ntawm Third Order (secular) Franciscans" thiab pom St. Mary's Academy hauv 1869 (Shrine 2010). Cov me nyuam yaus thaum kawg loj hlob los ua cuaj caum tsib tus me nyuam. Brise tsis tau txais nyiaj txiag rau lub tsev kawm ntawv no, tsis yog cia siab rau kev pub dawb. Qee lub sij hawm nws txawm yuav tsum thov cov khoom siv thiab nyiaj txiag rau lub tsev kawm ntawv. Brise nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv nws txoj hauj lwm mus txog rau thaum nws tuag nyob rau hauv 1896.

Hmoov tsis zoo, tsis muaj Brise lub xub ntiag, kev coj noj coj ua hauv tsev kawm tau poob qis. Rau ib lub sij hawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tau muab tso rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm Sr. Pauline LaPlante. LaPlante yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj hauv zej zog, thiab nws khiav lub tsev kawm ntawv nrog kev mob siab rau tib yam li Brise muaj txij li xyoo 1902 mus txog rau thaum nws tuag xyoo 1926. Lub sijhawm ntawd lub tsev kawm ntawv tau hloov pauv ntau zaus. Nws tau los ua ib lub tsev rau cov me nyuam tsis taus nyob rau xyoo 1933, lub tsev kawm ntawv theem siab pre-noviate rau Bay Settlement Sisters hauv 1953, thiab, thaum kawg, ib lub chaw rau Carmel ntawm Yexus lub npe dawb huv hauv 1992. Tom qab cov viv ncaus Carmelite tau tsiv mus rau xyoo 2002. , lub tsev kawm ntawv tau rov qab los rau lub tsev teev ntuj thiab lub thaj neeb uas mob siab rau qhov tshwm sim uas Brise tau ntsib dhau 150 xyoo dhau los (Kasten 2010). Txawm hais tias lub vev xaib tau txais kev txhawb nqa tsis raws cai los ntawm cov npis sov hauv zos los ntawm nws keeb kwm raws li kev mus ncig thiab kev thov Vajtswv, nws tsis raug cai kom txog rau thaum xyoo 2009 thaum Npis Sov David Ricken tau txiav txim siab tshawb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm thawj qhov tshwm sim. Ob xyoos tom ntej no cov kws ntseeg ntseeg tau tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm muaj: “Peb tau sau zaj lus tim khawv, qee qhov lus pov thawj ntawm qhov ncauj - sau tom qab, ntxiv rau ntau cov ntaub ntawv - cov ntawv ntawm Muam Adele thiab tus npis sov, thiab lwm yam,
Npis Sov Ricken tiag tiag” (Kim 2011).

Tsawg dua li ob xyoos tom qab, Ricken tau hais nrog qhov tseeb tias lub xaib tuaj yeem raug lees paub tias yog lub vev xaib supernatural thiab kev ntseeg.(“Wisconsin Site” 2011). Nws hais tias “Kuv tshaj tawm nrog kev ncaj ncees thiab ua raws li cov cai ntawm lub Koom Txoos tias cov xwm txheej, kev tshwm sim thiab qhov chaw uas tau muab rau Adele Brise thaum Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj xyoo 1859 tau nthuav tawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm supernatural tus cwj pwm, thiab kuv ua raws li qhov kev pom zoo no raws li qhov tsim nyog. ntawm kev ntseeg (txawm tias tsis yog yuav tsum tau ua) los ntawm cov ntseeg ncaj ncees” (“Marian Apparitions” 2010).

TEEB MEEM / CHALLENGES

Txij thaum pib, Brise tau txais kev pab me me lossis kev lees paub. Nws txiv ua lub thaj neeb qub nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm nws tus kheej. Brise kuj nyob ib leeg pib nws lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab pab cov menyuam hauv zos. St. Mary's academy, ib lub tsev kawm ntawv nce qib, tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1867. Hauv tsib xyoos muaj yuav luag ib puas tus tub ntxhais kawm cuv npe. Nws tso siab rau nws txoj kev ntseeg thiab ob peb qhov nyiaj pub dawb uas nws tau txais. Qee lub sij hawm, thaum lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj nyiaj tsawg thiab xav tau cov khoom siv, Brise yuav mus thov kom tau nyiaj lawv xav tau. Tom qab Brise tuag, kev txhawb nqa meager uas yog ib zaug tau poob qis thiab ploj mus.

Lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab thaj chaw tau dhau los ntawm tes mus txog rau thaum kawg, xyoo 2009, Npis Sov David Ricken tau pib tshawb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm qhov chaw pom. Ua ntej lub xaib raug tshawb xyuas, peb caug mus rau tsib caug tus neeg ib hnub yuav taug kev mus rau Peb Tus Poj Niam ntawm Kev Pab Zoo (Keen 2011). Txawm li cas los xij, ib zaug Npis Sov Ricken tshaj tawm tias lub vev xaib tau "pom zoo" thiab "tsim nyog ntawm kev ntseeg los ntawm cov ntseeg ncaj ncees," tus lej ntawd tau nce mus txog 500 tus neeg ib hnub (Mann 2010). Nrog rau kev tuaj xyuas ntau ntxiv, ob tug pov thawj tau muab sijhawm puv sijhawm rau lub thaj neeb (Keen 2011).

Muaj kev xav tsis thoob uas tau tshaj tawm hauv xov xwm tias lub diocese txoj kev tshawb nrhiav tau teem sijhawm los hloov kev saib xyuas kom deb ntawm cov pov thawj ntawm kev tsim txom kev sib deev uas tau ua phem rau lub Koom Txoos Catholic. Npis Sov Ricken teb rau cov lus iab liam no: “Tib neeg muaj kev tshaib kev nqhis ntawm sab ntsuj plig, thiab nyob ntawm no hauv peb lub tiaj nraum qaum tsev yog qhov chaw ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawd. Nws tau hais ntxiv txog kev cia siab tias lub thaj neeb yuav dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm kev cia siab thiab kho (Eckholm 2010). Txawm li cas los xij yog qhov zoo ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab kev iab liam, Npis Sov Ricken qhov kev tshaj tawm ntawm "kev coj ncaj ncees" tau coj lub neej tshiab thiab kev lees paub rau Peb Tus Poj Niam ntawm Kev Pab Zoo ("Wisconsin Site" 2011).

ua tim khawv

Eckholm, Erik. 2010. “Wisconsin on the Map to Pray With Mary.” New York Times , Kaum Hlis 23. Tau txais los ntawm http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/24/us/24mary.html?_r=0 nyob rau 22 Kaum Ib Hlis 2013.

Kasten, Patricia. 2010. “Qhia los ntawm Mary, Adele Brise Qhia Me Nyuam txog Kev Ntseeg Catholic.” Lub Compass , Kaum Hlis 9. Tau txais los ntawm http://www.thecompassnews.org/news/local/1794-guided-by-mary-adele-brise-taught-children-about-catholic-faith.html nyob rau 31 Kaum Hlis 2013.

Keen, Judy. 2011. "Faithful Trek to Wisconsin Shrine." Teb chaws USA no , Cuaj hlis 22. Tau txais los ntawm http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/religion/story/2011-09-22/wisconsin-virgin-mary-shrine/50519566/1 on 20 November 2013 .

Kim, Susan. 2011. “Lub Chaw Dawb Huv Nyob ze Green Bay.” Accessed los ntawm http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCwQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.620wtmj.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F115996504.html&ei=yLeSUp6YI4uikQeCqoGICg&usg=AFQjCNET9GWym9VHvgT10dawcHCxTLnUIg&sig2=STdBrHBGxoAfK1eyI4km1w&bvm=bv.56988011,d.eW0 nyob rau 22 Kaum Ib Hlis 2013.

Mann, Benjamin. 2010. "Wisconsin Chapel Pom Zoo Ua Thawj US Marian Apparition Site." Catholic News Agency , 9 dwb.. Web. 01 Peb 2013.

"Marian Apparitions ntawm thaj neeb ntawm Peb Poj Niam ntawm Kev Pab Zoo Pom Zoo los ntawm Npis Sov Ricken." 2010. DA MIHI ANIMAS , Kaum Hlis 8. Tau txais los ntawm http://salesianity.blogspot.com/2010/12/marian-apparitions-at-shrine-of-our.html nyob rau 20 Kaum Ib Hlis 2013.

Lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Peb Tus Poj Niam ntawm Kev Cia Siab. 2010. "A Brief Historical Account." Accessed los ntawm http://www.gbdioc.org/images/stories/Evangelization_Worship/Shrine/Documents/Shrine-History-Brief.pdf nyob rau 28 Kaum Ib Hlis 2013.

Sly, Randy. 2010. "Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj ntawm Peb Tus Poj Niam ntawm Kev Pab Zoo Tau Txais Txoj Cai los ntawm Npis Sov ntawm Green Bay." Catholic Online . Kaum Ob Hlis 11. Accessed from http://www.catholic.org/hf/faith/story.php?id=39511 nyob rau 01 Kaum Ib Hlis 2013.

"Wisconsin Site Deemed 'Holy' los ntawm Catholic Cov Thawj Coj." Xyoo 2011. Seattle Times , Lub Ob Hlis 14. Tau txais los ntawm http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2014222320_apusholysitegreenbay.html nyob rau 20 Kaum Ib Hlis 2013.

sau phau ntawv:
David G. Bromley
Caitlin St. Clair

Hnubtim:
1 Hlis ntuj nqeg 2013